1. During the civil rights battles of the 1950s and early 1960s, the legislators defeated many
anti-discrimination bills through _______ and other delaying tactics.
(A) filibusters
(B) compunctions
(C) impostures
(D) arrogations
2. It is sad to know that the right to health, education, safe food, water, telecommunications
and energy is being _______ to commercial interests and increased profit.
(A) arraigned
(B) inscribed
(C) jettisoned
(D) subjugated
3. The government spokesman says, “We refute the _______ allegation that we are in some
way pleased that people are suffering this pain now.”
(A) tentative
(B) adventitious
(C) terrestrial
(D) scurrilous
4. Some dentists are convinced that the addition of fluoride in water is ineffective as a
_______ treatment.
(A) loquacious
(B) corporeal
(C) prophylactic
(D) sympathetic
5. During the mid-1960s, relations between white liberals and the civil rights movement
became increasingly strained； civil rights leaders accused liberal politicians of _______
and procrastinating.
(A) immolating
(B) illuminating
(C) naturalizing
(D) temporizing
6. Some athletes have taken to living and sleeping in _______ sealed tents or rooms that
simulate high-altitude conditions.
(A) negligibly
(B) hermetically
(C) inductively
(D) capriciously
7. Since there are so many drug abuse cases, they are carrying out research on the causes of
_______ behavior among young people.
(A) defamatory
(B) inarticulate
(C) delinquent
(D) preeminent
9. The music was _______ and beautifully delivered—and it was full of the compassion for
the poor of all races and creeds which we know the composer has had all his life.
(A) malleable
(B) nascent
(C) inordinate
(D) mellifluous
10. The monarchy was ever more widely perceived as an oppressive, _______ institution
which failed to correspond to the country's needs.
(A) compliant
(B) sanctimonious
(C) obsolescent
(D) laudatory
二、克漏字： I. Israeli archaeologists said they have discovered about 80 new pieces of ancient writings
known as Dead Sea Scrolls in a desert cave south of Jerusalem. The writings are the first
new scrolls to be found in 60 years. The writings are religious 11 . They have lines
written in Greek. They are believed to 12 during a Jewish revolt against the Romans
nearly 1,900 years ago.
The Israel Antiquities Authority says, based on the writing style, they likely come from
the first century. The new discovery 13 a larger group of Dead Sea Scrolls - a
collection of Jewish writings first found in desert caves in the West Bank near Qumran in the
1940s and 1950s. Some of the scrolls date to over two thousand years ago. They include the
earliest known copies of biblical writings and documents explaining the beliefs of a little 14 Jewish group.
Oren Ableman is a Dead Sea Scroll researcher with the Israel Antiquities Authority. He
noted a difference between the newly discovered writings and other known writings in
Hebrew and Greek. Joe Uziel is head of the Authority’s Dead Sea Scrolls group. He said
“some of those differences are important.” Uziel added, “Every little piece of information
that we can find, we can understand a little bit better” 15 the biblical writing came into
its traditional Hebrew form. 【題組】11. (A) to date
(B) in sum
(C) by far
(D) in nature
II.
Facebook says it is developing a device that would permit users to use their hand to
control virtual objects. The device, worn on the wrist, is designed to work with glasses to
create an augmented reality, or AR, experience. Facebook recently described its device in a
report on its website. The social media service said the technology would permit users to
enter virtual worlds, 16 they could control different objects simply with finger
movements. The AR system is expected to “transform the way we 17 people near and
far” in the future, Facebook said.
In the past, Facebook has mostly centered its AR development on improving gaming
experiences. Now, it is aiming to expand the technology to be used in more everyday ways. 18 this goal in mind, Facebook said one of the most important considerations was to
find the right kind of device to control the AR glasses. It would have to be easy to use,
wearable, always available and powerful enough to perform complex actions. The company
decided a wristband would be the best choice.
The device will use a technology known as electromyography, or EMG, to translate
complex hand movements. EMG measures electrical activity in muscles when they move.
Sensors will “translate electrical motor nerve signals that travel through the wrist to the hand
into digital commands that you can 19 the functions of a device,” Facebook said.
These signals -- which start in the brain and travel through the wrist -- are so clear that
EMG can understand finger movements 20 one millimeter, the company said. It added
that in the future, “it may even be possible to sense just the intention to move a finger.” 【題組】16. (A) why
(B) where
(C) when
(D) that
三、文意選填： (AB)So-called (AC)as well as (AD)particularly (AE)easing (BC)All but
(BD)Key to (BE)with (CD)known for (CE)ramping up (DE)So far
Several European countries are giving their vaccine campaigns a post-Easter boost from
this morning. The first phase of reopening has begun in Denmark, with hairdressers and
tattooists back at work and some children’s age groups back at school. 21 the reopening
is a negative test and test centers have been very busy in the run-up to reopening. 22 corona passports will also become very important in the coming weeks.
The Stade de France in Paris, 23 legendary sporting clashes on the pitch, has
opened this morning with the aim of providing 10,000 vaccinations a week. It’s one of more
than 35 so-called vaccinodromes that are aimed at 24 the vaccine campaign. Latest
figures show 9.3 million first doses have already been given in France. But hospital cases are
still rising.
Germany’s network of 35,000 family doctors is getting involved too this week. 25 the country’s vaccination campaign has been limited to 430 special centers. Meanwhile, the
south-western state of Saarland is beginning its exit from lockdown even though cases are still
rising. Outdoor gatherings and outdoor café visits are allowed 26 contact sports with a
negative test.
Italy is also aiming to speed up its vaccination campaign, 27 more than eight
million vaccine doses expected to arrive this month alone. Prime Minister Mario Draghi has
set an eventual target of half a million vaccinations a day.
Portugal’s president, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, last night hailed the second phase of
lockdown 28 as a “historic day”. 29 the largest on-street shops were allowed to
open along with cafés and restaurants serving customers outside.
Spain’s health minister says 11 or 12 regions are seeing a clear upward trend in infection, 30 Catalonia and Navarre in the north and Ceuta on the African mainland. This month is
seen as key to pushing the vaccine campaign and retired doctors and nurses are being enlisted
in many areas to take part. 【題組】21.
四、篇章結構： Female coaches – especially across baseball, basketball, and football – are suddenly
expanding their presence in the uppermost ranks of men’s professional sports. During the past
18 months alone, at least 12 women in MLB organizations, 12 women in NBA organizations,
and eight women in the NFL were working as full-time coaches. This doesn’t include the
dozens more 31 .
While women still occupy only a fraction of such positions, their nascent movement into
coaching represents what some believe could be the beginning of a second gender revolution
in sports almost 50 years after the passage of Title IX. The new coaches are inspiring a
generation of young female athletes, 32 , and may usher in new ways of motivating pro
athletes – and even winning.
The recent influx of women into coaching is being driven by a host of factors, not least
of which is the inevitable march of history. Women have been 33 . The doors to locker
rooms and film rooms just relented later than most.
Yet the biggest reason for the advances is the tenacity of the women themselves. Many
have excelled as athletes. They have labored long and sacrificed heavily to build up
experience over time, and burnished their résumés by 34 . They have taken on short-term
contracts and occupied temporary positions – all while 35 . Perhaps most important, the
women who are now guiding and developing professional athletes weren’t afraid to confront
the pressures and overcome the doubts of being “first.”
(AB)getting advanced degrees
(AC)occupying mental skills and player development roles
(AD)seeing some of them able to kind of bear the fruits of that labor
(AE)hiring a greater diversity of people with a wider variety of skills
(BC) busting through barriers in almost every profession for decades
(BD)chipping away at the glass walls around men’s professional leagues
(BE)bringing greater diversity to one of the last bastions of male-dominated culture
(CD)happening in business, or politics, and all of these other places where we’re seeing more 【題組】31.
五、閱讀測驗： I.
Because students’ lives today are saturated with digital media at a time when their brains
are still developing, several popular press authors suggest that media use has profoundly
affected students’ abilities, preferences, and attitudes related to learning. They claim that
“digital natives” (often defined as those born after 1980) have a distinctive set of
characteristics that includes preference for speed, nonlinear processing, multitasking, and
social learning, allegedly developed through immersion in digital technology during
childhood and adolescence when neural plasticity is high. Some worry that the new
generation of students may be incapable of deep learning and productive work, while others
take an optimistic view of the skill set these learners are developing but claim that educators
are failing them by not adapting instruction to their needs. All of these popular authors deliver
their claims with urgency and an insistence that educators must respond today.
Many academic researchers have criticized the popular claims about the digital natives
based on the lack of empirical evidence supporting them. The popular press writers make
broad recommendations for changes in the school systems and curricula, supporting their
claims mainly with anecdotal evidence or proprietary data that is not available for scrutiny.
Nevertheless the claims influence the thinking of educators and administrators making
decisions about technology investment and curriculum design. They may also lead instructors
to make unsupported assumptions about their students’ mastery of educational technology and
therefore neglect to teach students the skills they need for academic success.
Despite the shortcomings of these popular press claims, the possibility that children who
grow up immersed in digital media think and learn differently from those who grew up with
printed text has intuitive appeal, and research on neural plasticity has shown that our brains do
indeed change in response to our repeated experiences. Since neural plasticity can lead to
either adaptive or maladaptive changes, these characteristics could manifest themselves in
ways that are productive for learning, or in ways that interfere with learning. Thus, the field of
education needs more empirical study on whether and how technology immersion is
associated with behaviors and attitudes related to learning. 【題組】36. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) Illustrating the importance of latest educational technologies.
(B) Requesting for investigation into learning immersed in technologies.
(C) Proposing a theory of employing technologies in classroom learning.
(D) Modifying theories of emerging technologies for adolescent learning.
【題組】37. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT claimed by popular press
authors?
(A) Digital natives are not receiving instructions matching their needs.
(B) Digital natives may be incapable of deep learning and productive work.
(C) Digital natives are learning efficiently with a linear and predictable fashion.
(D) Digital natives should be encouraged to develop skills from interacting with
digital media.
【題組】38. Which of the following is closest to the proprietary in meaning in the second paragraph?
(A) Empirical.
(B) Fragmented.
(C) Heuristic.
(D) Patented.
【題組】39. According to the passage, which of the following is the major criticism against the
popular press authors’ claims?
(A) Lack of empirical evidence supporting the idea of digital natives.
(B) Indifference to adolescent digital immigrants marginalized by digital media.
(C) Ambition to persuade school authorities to subscribe to their media channels.
(D) Haughtiness of inventing a term leading to implementation of classroom
technologies.
【題組】40. Why is neural plasticity mentioned in the last paragraph?
(A) To defend the traditional values of experimenting two opposite views of
education.
(B) To propose a research area not being explored, namely, digital media and
classroom technologies.
(C) To elaborate a need of conducting empirical studies on the relationships between
technologies and learning.
(D) To comment on the unnecessity of public funding research into cognitive
psychology and learning technologies.
II.
Baseball prowess is intricately tied to the power of the eye. Familiar expressions, such as
“keep your eye on the ball” and “you can’t hit what you can’t see”, clearly underscore the
important role that vision plays in the sport. The act of hitting a pitched baseball is widely
regarded as among the most challenging activities in all of sports. In milliseconds, batters
must interpret sparse visual information, project the path of a ball that can be moving up to
100 miles per hour, and execute a swing – or not. The pitcher’s task, while equally demanding,
is quite different. Pitchers, by deception or ability, attempt to deny the batter effective contact
with the ball while projecting it through the strike zone 60 feet away. This iconic pitcher–
hitter duel gets played out thousands of times over the life of a baseball player, with
tremendous competitive, financial, and social consequences.
Because of the high sensorimotor demands of the sport and the large amount of
performance data available for analysis, baseball has been at the forefront of sports science
research. Studies addressing sensorimotor skills have shown expert baseball players to have
superior visual acuity, enhanced contrast sensitivity, and better visual tracking abilities than
non-athlete controls. Research has also indicated that good batters make greater use of
peripheral vision and implement more anticipatory saccades to put their eyes ahead of pitches
that are moving at, or near, the limit of the vestibular-ocular system. These skills are honed to
allow for optimal visual performance, responding to a visual stimulus in the shortest amount
of time and based on the least amount of information.
The important role of sensorimotor skills in baseball is further underscored by studies
that have demonstrated correlations between visual skills and baseball performance. For
example, in a sample of 213 professional baseball players in the Southern Baseball League,
Classe et al. (1997) observed an association between visual reaction times and batting
performance, but not with fielding or pitching statistics. Similarly, higher batting averages
have been linked to rapid perceptual recognition using tachistoscopic tests, while higher
batting averages and lower strikeout percentages have also been linked to better visual
convergence, divergence, and tracking skills. Further, previous evidence has indicated that
training regimen targeting visual skills can improve game performance among college
baseball athletes.
In the larger context of factors underlying athletic expertise, there has been an ongoing
debate as to whether elite athletes possess inherently better visual systems (so-called visual
hardware), or whether these differences are restricted to enhanced perceptual and cognitive
abilities (so-called visual software). Findings such as those noted above demonstrating
superior visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and convergence/divergence in expert athletes offer
support towards the hardware account, while numerous other studies have demonstrated
superior sports-specific software skills, such as better anticipation, pattern recognition, and
visual search, in the absence of hardware differences. Given these discrepant findings, the
varied samples and sample sizes, and the inherent challenges conducting studies with
high-level athletes, there remains a pressing need for more research to arbitrate these
diverging accounts. 【題組】41. What is this passage about?
(A) An unresolved issue in sports science.
(B) An ordinary skill in professional baseball.
(C) An increasing demand for baseball players.
(D) An infamous duel between pitchers and batters.
【題組】42. Which of the following is closest in meaning to controls in the second paragraph?
(A) Subjects used for making comparisons.
(B) Control panels for playing baseball games.
(C) Abilities for demonstrating non-athletic skills.
(D) Baseball players knowing little about eye-tracking.
【題組】43. Why is the study by Classes et al. (1997) cited in the third paragraph?
(A) It is cited because the study was the only one using tachistoscpic tests.
(B) It is cited as the findings are contradictory to those in previous studies.
(C) It is cited for the reason of studying the largest number of professional baseball
players.
(D) It is cited to substantiate the correlations between visual skills and baseball
performance.
【題組】44. What is the ongoing debate discussed in the last paragraph?
(A) The sense, either visual or perceptual, that influences athletes’ performance most
directly.
(B) Which of the two, computing hardware or program software, is needed for training
baseball batters.
(C) Whether athletic expertise is acquired by improving visual skills or by enhancing
cognitive abilities.
(D) The technology, hardware or software, that improves eyesight of baseball players,
including pitchers.
【題組】45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?
(A) Pitchers are not subjects in this trend of research because of bad eye sight.
(B) Findings of studies on what contribute to athletic expertise are still inconclusive.
(C) The findings of the study on college baseball athletes agree with the software claim.
(D) Using baseball players as subjects to examine sensorimotor skills is that they are
well paid.
【非選題】 六、非選擇題：20%。
（一）摘要寫作(10 分)
請在 120 字以內寫出以下短文之摘要。如超過 120 字，本題將以 0 分計算。 TAIPEI, Taiwan — Taiwanese officials urged people to consider the implications
before changing their name to “Salmon,” after dozens flooded government offices to register
a name change so they could qualify for a restaurant promotion.
The frenzy took hold this week after Japanese chain Sushiro promised a free sushi meal
to customers whose names included the traditional Chinese characters “guiyu,” meaning
salmon. Customers with names that sounded similar to “salmon” could enjoy a half-price
feed.
Many found the offer irresistible, and so ensued what local media branded “Salmon
Chaos.” Dory Wang, a Sushiro marketing manager, said about 200 customers with the name
“Salmon” on their identity card had visited one of the chain’s restaurants on Wednesday,
adding that the response of seafood-loving Taiwanese had exceeded expectations. “We
appreciated those who are willing to change their names for our sushi,” Wang said.
For some, the craze has proved more of a hassle.
“Five people requested a name change today and another six yesterday,” said Ou
Minxin, an official at a local household registration office in Kaohsiung, Taiwan’s
second-largest city. “We have seen changed names such as ‘Hotness Salmon,’ ‘Dip Wasabi
and Eat Salmon,’ and ‘Can’t Help but Want to Eat Free Salmon.’ ”
Ou said most of them changed their names back after having a meal. “It has indeed
added to our workload, but it is quite interesting,” he said.
But there’s a catch — and some diners may have bitten off more than they can chew.
Taiwan’s Ministry of the Interior posted a reminder on Facebook that a person can only
change their name three times in a lifetime, explaining that two of those will be wasted if a
person changed their name to “Salmon” and back.
“This kind of name change not only wastes time but causes unnecessary paperwork,”
Deputy Interior Minister Chen Tsung-yen told reporters as he urged the public to “cherish
administrative resources.”
One resident decided to add 36 characters to his name, including seafood-themed
characters such as “crab” and “lobster,” local media reported.
A 19-year-old student surnamed Hong said on Facebook that he changed his name to
“Hong Salmon” and invited users to join him for a meal, offering eight time slots. He has
not yet considered changing his salmon-themed name, saying it represents his courage to do
whatever he wants.
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