School observation is a practical and direct approach to evaluate a
school. Maybe it is easy to know a school from many 38 of
information, such as media report, government documents and school
publications. However, it is difficult to judge a school. There is a 39
between reports and truths because possibly some bias and blind spots
40 in the information. In other words, a school highly 41 by
parents and the society may not be satisfactory. Instead, spending a
period of time making observations or 42 will be one of the best
ways to understand how a school is running. The process of observation
can also be 43 for school improvement. 【題組】39. (A) distinction (B) rules (C) laws (D) secret
It goes without saying that some contact sports are especially brutal
and can cause serious head injuries. In fact, the sport of boxing
traditionally has as the ultimate goal of a prize fight a “knockout”, which
is when one fighter is punched in the head so hard that it brings about a
concussion. Other sports, such as hockey and American football, also
see their fair share of head injuries, and in some ways, these injuries can
be even more dangerous over the long term.
In both hockey and American football, players wear helmets to
protect their heads. While the helmets may protect well against bone
fractures of the skull, they do not and cannot fully protect the brain. This
organ is made up of very delicate tissue, making any trauma to it
serious.
To understand why a concussion occurs is a matter of physics. One
must remember that the brain is encased in the skull, and in between the
brain and the skull is fluid that acts as a cushion. When the force of a hit
to the head is so extreme, this cushion is unable to do its job, and the
delicate tissue of the brain actually hits the skull. This causes bruising on
the brain, often causing immediate consequences that are easy to
recognize. A person who is concussed will be disoriented, often unable
to answer simple questions such as, “Where are you right now?” In the
most extreme cases, the person suffering a concussion will be
completely knocked out, meaning he has lost consciousness altogether.
【題組】49. What long-term effects of head injuries are mentioned in this
article?
(A) Bruising of the brain (B) None are mentioned.
(C) Loss of memory (D) Inability to concentrate
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