請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit dailychanges in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes inthe physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system withinthe organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for thechanges in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “dothe right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’swell-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to theindividual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broaddaylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within theinternal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work,and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure areamong the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as thedefining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950son circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research,which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification ofvarious sleep stages around the same time. 【題組】 46 What is the best topic of this passage?
(A)The Foundation of Chronobiology. (B)The Feature of Life Cycle. (C)The Internal and External Environments. (D)The Overview of Biological Mechanism.
【題組】 50 According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A)Chronobiology began with the studies on circadian rhythm in fruit flies and humans. (B)All species simply respond to the cycle of day and night. (C)All species have an internal clock that is crucial for their survival. (D)Jet lag is a failure of a biological timekeeping mechanism.
請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題： It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example, introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose to wear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing something lighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment. Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations. The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents. From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color with dark colors. Cars in light colors make lighter and cleaner impression than those in other colors. The study in Australia identified a clear statistically significant relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Compared to white vehicles, a number of colors, generally those lower on the visibility index, were associated with higher crash risk. The association between vehicle color and crash risk was strongest during daylight hours. The analysis results also suggested that vehicle color has an association with crash severity with lower visibility colors having higher risks of more severe crashes, although environmental factors can also modify the relationship between vehicle color and crash risk. Further work is required to quantify this. 【題組】45 Which of the following correlative factors has NOT been proven to be significant?
(A)Vehicle color and environmental factors (B)Vehicle color and crash risk
(C)Vehicle color and time of the day (D)Vehicle color and crash severity
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily
changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in
the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within
the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the
changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do
the right thing” at the right time of the day.
The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s
well-being and survival； a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the
individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad
daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the
internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work,
and the accompanying sleep loss.
The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are
among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the
defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s
on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research,
which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of
various sleep stages around the same time.
【題組】48 Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
(A)Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
(B)Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
(C)People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
(D)People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
【題組】50 According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A)Chronobiology began with the studies on circadian rhythm in fruit flies and humans.
(B)All species simply respond to the cycle of day and night.
(C)All species have an internal clock that is crucial for their survival.
(D)Jet lag is a failure of a biological timekeeping mechanism.
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