London is one of the top travel destinations in the world, but for a first time visitor, navigating this large city can be overwhelming. Using an Oyster card is an easy way to save time and money if you are planning to use public transportation in London. An Oyster card is a blue credit-card-sized contactless smartcard that can be used on every form of public transportation within London, including public bus, underground, railway, and some river boat services. 

        The Oyster card was first issued on June 30, 2003. The name was decided after a lengthy discussion. Two other proposed names were “Pulse” and “Gem.” “Oyster” was chosen because it sounded like a fresh name that was not directly linked to transportation; also, the hard shell of an oyster and the concealed pearl symbolize security and value.But perhaps the best reason is William Shakespeare’s quote “ The world is your oyster,” which means one has the ability and freedom to do anything or go anywhere. So far more than 60 million cards have been issued and over 85%of rail and bus travel in London is paid by using an Oyster card. The card never expires. It can be used after any length of time. Besides, deposits can be refunded on return of the card. 

        The best reason to get an Oyster card is cost savings and convenience. It is cheaper to travel in London with this card than it is to purchase individual paper tickets for each trip. The card allows 40 people to pass through a ticket gate per minute, 15 more than with paper tickets, and also makes boarding a bus three times faster. For London Underground and the railway system, passengers have to touch the card on an electronic reader when entering and leaving the transport system. The reader will show either a green or a red light. The former indicates that you have sufficient credit for your journey while the latter indicates you do not have enough credit and you have to purchase more credit before you can continue your journey. For the public bus service, which has fixed price, passengers only need to touch the reader at the start of the journey when boarding. If you touch the reader again when you get off the bus, you will be charged an additional fare.

   Police career is a profession that demands higher ethical standards than others. It is often said that police officers are like living in a transparent fish tank, being watched all the time. The majority of police officers are dedicated and hard-working, serving the people and doing the right things. All police officers have ideals: integrity and honesty, justice and courage. Yet, sometimes, we heard stories of bad cops doing bad things—bribery, misuse of force, abuse of authority, etc. These are the black sheep that hurt the entire profession and violate police code of ethics. Police officers should never permit personal feelings, prejudices, political beliefs, aspirations, animosities or friendships to influence their decisions. The following Law Enforcement Oath of Honor is recommended by the International Association of Chiefs of Police（IACP）as a symbolic statement of commitment to ethical behavior：

   On my honor, I will never betray my badge, my integrity, my character, or the public trust. I will always have the courage to hold myself and others accountable for our actions. I will always uphold my community and the agency I serve.

   The Oath of Honor’s brevity allows it to be constantly referred to and reinforced during conversations and ceremonies. It is strongly recommended by the IACP that all agencies adopt the Law Enforcement Oath of Honor.

   (36)   by the French writer Maurice Leblanc in 1905. Arsène Lupin is an elite member of the gang of delightful rogues   (37)   as gentleman thieves. Like Thomas Crown, Danny Ocean, Simon Templar and (to include a gentlewoman ) Selina Kyle, Lupin is elegant and efficient. He prefers disguise and persuasion to   (38)   and is so   (39)   that his victims almost thank him for the honor of   (40)  .

 Mark Karpeles, arrested in Japan after his bitcoin exchange collapsed from massive hacking, is starting a new business around the same computer technology that __52__ his legal troubles. Karpeles told reporters that he wants to make Japan a global leader in blockchain, the technology behind virtual money like bitcoin. The 34-year-old Frenchman __53__ embezzlement and fraud allegations in March, but is appealing a conviction for manipulating electronic data. Karpeles was arrested in 2015, and spent11 months__ 54___ . Karpeles received a suspended sentence, meaning he is not serving jail time. Prosecutors had demanded 10 years in prison. His lawyer Nobuyasu Ogata said the verdict highlights legal uncertainties in the new area of cryptocurrency crime.

     Shakespeare and Company is an English-language bookshop in Paris. It was opened in 1951 and has been a meetingplace for Anglophone writers and readers   41  . Founded by American George Whitman, the bookstore wasoriginally called Le Mistral. In 1964, Whitman renamed his store   42   a bookseller he admired, Sylvia Beach, who’dfounded the original Shakespeare and Company in 1919. Through his bookstore, Whitman endeavored to carry on thespirit of Beach’s shop. 

     From the first day the store opened, writers, artists, and intellectuals were invited to sleep in the bookstore in variouscots that are dotted around the place. These people,   43   as "tumbleweeds," have to promise to read a book a day,help at the shop for a few hours a day, and produce a one-page autobiography. American actor Ethan Hawke is amonga(n)   44   30,000 people who have tumbleweeded at the store--he stayed there for six nights when he arrived in Parisat age 16. 

     Whitman passed away in 2011, two days before his 98th birthday. Now his daughter, Sylvia Whitman, is followingin her father’s footsteps and is dedicated to keeping the spirit of the bookstore   45    . Under her direction, it shouldremain a center for Parisian literary life for many years to come.

Here are the facts: 65 million people displaced from their homes by violence and persecution last year. If it was a country,that would be the 21st largest country in the world. Most of those people, about 40 million, stay within their own homecountry, but 25 million are refugees. That means they cross a border into a neighboring state. Most of them are living inpoor countries, relatively poor or lower-middle-income countries, like Lebanon. In Lebanon, one in four people is arefugee, a quarter of the whole population. And refugees stay for a long time. The average length of displacement is 10years. I went to what was the world’s largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya. It’s called Dadaab. It was built in 1991-92as a "temporary camp" for Somalis fleeing the civil war. I met Silo. And naïvely I said to Silo, "Do you think you’ll evergo home to Somalia?" And she said, "What do you mean, go home? I was born here." And then when I asked the campmanagement how many of the 330,000 people in that camp were born there, they gave me the answer: 100,000. That’swhat long-term displacement means.

Here are the facts: 65 million people displaced from their homes by violence and persecution last year. If it was a country,that would be the 21st largest country in the world. Most of those people, about 40 million, stay within their own homecountry, but 25 million are refugees. That means they cross a border into a neighboring state. Most of them are living inpoor countries, relatively poor or lower-middle-income countries, like Lebanon. In Lebanon, one in four people is arefugee, a quarter of the whole population. And refugees stay for a long time. The average length of displacement is 10years. I went to what was the world’s largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya. It’s called Dadaab. It was built in 1991-92as a "temporary camp" for Somalis fleeing the civil war. I met Silo. And naïvely I said to Silo, "Do you think you’ll evergo home to Somalia?" And she said, "What do you mean, go home? I was born here." And then when I asked the campmanagement how many of the 330,000 people in that camp were born there, they gave me the answer: 100,000. That’swhat long-term displacement means.

       The government urged people who are planning to work in Southeast Asia to exercise extra __11__ , as Taiwanese jobseekers were reportedly abused and coerced into engaging in fraudulent activities in Cambodia. Promises of free round-trip tickets, favorable treatment and a salary of more than NT$100,000 per month had Taiwanese __12__ the employment scam. As fraud rings excel __13__ enticing people by promising them benefits that they will never see, anyone could have been targeted, __14__ nationality or background. As for deterrence measures, it is high time for Taiwan to impose stricter laws and harsher punishments for scammers and their accomplices. Most scammers convicted in Taiwan receive jail sentences of less than a year, while money mules typically receive less than four months in prison, and the __15__ rate is high.