Experiments that go according to plan can be useful. But the biggest scientific advances often emerge from those that do not. Such is the case with a study just reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. When they began it, Hector DeLuca of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his colleagues had been intending to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on mice suffering from a rodent version of multiple sclerosis (MS). By the project’s end, however, they had in their hands two substances which may prove valuable drugs against the illness.

   Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease. This means it is caused by a victim’s immune system turning on and destroying parts of his own body. In the case of MS the targets of these attacks, which may continue for years, are the fatty sheaths that insulate nerve cells and thus help nervous impulses to propagate. People suffering from MS are often weakened, and sometimes physically disabled by it, and may also become blind.

   What drives the immune system to behave in this way remains mysterious, but in the 1970s researchers uncovered a promising clue when they noticed that MS is rarer near the equator than it is at high latitudes. The first hypothesis proposed to explain this observation was that vitamin D (a substance created by sunlight’s action on precursor molecules in the skin) might be helping to prevent MS. That made sense, since those living in the tropics receive more sunlight than those in temperate zones. Sadly, follow-up experiments failed to support the notion. Those experiments did, though, lead Dr. DeLuca to discover that the preventive effect is associated with a particular sort of sunlight—UV with a wavelength of between 300 and 315 nanometres (billionths of a metre). His latest experiment was intended to dig deeper into this observation, by using this type of light to irradiate mice that had been injected with chemicals known to cause the rodent equivalent of MS.

 It is believed that the color choices you make reflect a deeper meaning about your personality traits. For example,introverts and extroverts are likely to choose different colors – blue and red respectively. The colors you choose towear might also say something about how you are feeling that day. Some days you may feel like wearing somethinglighter, something red, or something blue. These choices are often a reflection of how you are feeling at the moment.Additionally, wearing certain colors may cause you to react differently to certain situations. The research also shows there may be a link between car color and serious injuries as a result of car accidents.From a safe perspective, it is recommended to choose expansive color with bright colors rather than contractive color 

       The development of companion machine is making a lot of progress. The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in a   21   manner.Those qualities that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be   22   as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be charming, stimulating, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly unpredictable and   23   interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant and   24   , but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more relaxed and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the   25   in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.

       Since the 1990s, a prolific amount of memoirs written and published about the lives of girls and womenin the third world appeared in the market, telling the stories of their wretched girlhood or womanhood.Those stories often depict miserable lives under the dictatorship of strict regimes or by the__  31__  oftraditional cultural practices such as genital cutting. In the narration of these lives, girls and women usuallysuffer from different forms of gender violence. But a clear majority of those stories also__32__a brightside by turning those victims into heroines. They exhibit how those unfortunate girls and womeneventually survive through those terrible ordeals or stand on their own two feet by fighting against all theodds.__ 33__ are especially able to change things for themselves as well as their fellows of the samegender. As the first in the series, Desert Flower is Dirie’s (auto)biography detailing her combat withthe 34 of female genital mutilation (FGM). In her third book,__35__ , Dirie works together withseveral allies to launch an investigation into the practice of FGM and explore the possibility of relatedjuridical protection of girls’/women's rights in several European countries. Dirie’s true story is a livingproof that anyone can succeed in overcoming all the obstacles if they’re brave and determined and havefaith in themselves.