1. The Ministry of Transportation and Communications has amended the law to impose heavier penalties for vehicles that do
not yield to _____.
(A) pediatricians (B) pedestrians (C) pedestals (D) pediculosis
2. A poor diet, which affects children by _____ their development, can have long-term consequences.
(A) facilitating (B) seeing (C) hindering (D) washing
4. The city is known for its _____ nightlife, towering high-rises, network of skywalks, and being the birthplace of Prince.
(A) vegan (B) vibrant (C) vicious (D) vibrate
5. Using examples from numerous _____ - such as fiction, poetry, advertisements and newspapers - this article examines the
language choices a writer must make in structuring texts.
(A) stories (B) genres (C) papers (D) paintings
6. During the road trip, they made a _____ decision to take a detour and explore a hidden waterfall.
(A) cautious (B) vigilant (C) spontaneous (D) premeditated
7. Schools are facing difficulties in providing nutritious lunches to their students _____ soaring commodity prices.
(A) in light of (B) by means of (C) without (D) in terms of
8. A hiker reappears 14 hours after falling off mountainside. Rescue workers said he was lucky that he had been wearing a
thick coat and long trousers, helping him to _____ the cold night.
(A) withdraw (B) without (C) withhold (D) withstand
9. The highly ____ musical production has been called “one of the most successful stage shows of all time.”
(A) critical (B) bought (C) acclaimed (D) expensive
10. Not all viruses are pathogens that can cause disease； some are _____ or even beneficial to their hosts.
(A) wanton (B) petite (C) sturdy (D) benign
11. Lohan was sentenced to 90 days for violating her _____ but caught a big break when officials said she would serve only 13
or 14 days due to overcrowding.
(A) discovery (B) appointment (C) probation (D) dependence
12. American is expanding its military bases and ____ exercises with allies across the Indo-Pacific.
(A) stepping up (B) stewing up (C) sticking up (D) stitching up
13. Because the country government plans to build a 60-meter-wide avenue along the course of the railway line, it needs to
_____ even more farmland of the project.
(A) expropriate (B) recognize (C) discriminate (D) stimulate
14. Multi-generational living projects arrange students and senior citizens to live together. _____ paying rent, the students
spend 30 hours a month interacting with elderly residents, and teaching them skills such as using email or social media.
(A) In order to (B) In accordance with (C) In addition to (D) In place of
15. I had high hopes for the movie, but it turned out to be _____ with poor acting and a weak storyline.
(A) abysmal (B) captivating (C) exceptional (D) enthralling
16. 5G was a(n) _____ technology bust although phone companies promised that 5G would be an awesome improvement.
(A) exuberant (B) hilarious (C) inquisitive (D) overhyped
17. Research suggests that ginger may relieve the _____ caused by pregnancy and chemotherapy.
(A) anesthesia (B) euphoria (C) nausea (D) rehabilitation
20. Alongside ailments _____ hepatitis B, cervical cancer has a strong claim to be the world’s deadliest vaccine-preventable
disease.
(A) raking from (B) resulting from (C) pecking from (D) peeking from
21. Older TikTok users are using the online platform, regarded as the virtual playground of teenagers, to _____ ageist
stereotypes of elderly people as technophobic and frail.
(A) haul (B) calk (C) sear (D) defy
22. Social distancing, a term once rarely used outside public health circles, has entered common _____during the Covid-19
pandemic.
(A) equality (B) carriage (C) parlance (D) defiance
23. Archbishop Desmond Tutu described voting in South Africa’s first democratic election in 1994 as “like falling in love”, a
remark that captured both his _____ humor and his profound emotions after decades fighting apartheid.
(A) tapered (B) warring (C) puckish (D) ventral
24. _____ even though I haven’t quite managed to finish it yet.
(A) Tess is insisting that I should give her the book back immediately
(B) The book has received critical acclaim
(C) So many books do I have to read for my project
(D) I much prefer short novels to long ones
25. _____, the managers waited to see if they would accept it or go out on strike.
(A) After they made a final offer to their employees
(B) As soon as the workers made the decision to start a strike
(C) As they were certain that their employees would be content
(D) Ever since the union and the management held their first meeting
26. This book _____ without the stimulus of Jane Smith, with whom one of the authors was lucky enough to share the teaching
of the courses Professional Writing.
(A) can not be written
(B) won’t have been written
(C) could have been written
(D) would not have been written
Part B: Cloze Fish farming is the fastest-growing __27__ of food production in the world. Seafood __28__ for around 17% of the
world’s protein __29__ (in some parts of Asia and Africa, the number is nearer 50%). The Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, a rich-country __30__ , reckons that, thanks to population growth and rising incomes, global
consumption of fish will reach 180 million tons by the end of the decade, __31__ from 158 million tons in 2020. 【題組】27. (A) forestall (B) form (C) formant (D) formation
“This is not a scenic drive,” said James Willcox. Willcox, who was charged with logistics and security for my journey, was
briefing me before I __32__ a 530km, two-day road trip from Basra to Baghdad. My trip would be using Iraq’s first and longest
freeway, the 1,200 km-long Route 1, as a __33__ to explore the heart of ancient Mesopotamia. Though the region has experienced
decades of recent conflict, it was also once home to a series of __34__ historical empires (the Babylonians, Assyrians and
Sumerians to name a few). Willcox reassured me that the journey would be unforgettable __35__ I followed some simple rules.
Keep a low profile, dress __36__ and don’t photograph any of the armed checkpoints. 【題組】32. (A) embarked on (B) indulged in (C) logged on (D) stepped aside
Part C: Reading Comprehension
Spring seems to be the season of the mushroom. Fashion shows in previous years have highlighted the mycelium of the
fungi—the under-ground root-like network from which mushrooms spring up—and the “leather” that can be made from those threads.
This season, designers are slapping images of mushrooms themselves on everything from handbags to jumpsuits. You can even buy
toadstool-inspired accessories, like a $6,950 green mushroom pendant. Fungi are being used to produce various different types of material. People can make textiles out of fungal mycelium—
leather-like textiles. Different companies produce it in different ways. People can grow fungal leather on agricultural waste,
cornstalks or wood chips that will otherwise be discarded. People can grow these materials in a short period of time, a couple of
weeks without killing animals. People do not need to clear forests for pasture for the animals that they are going to kill. There’s a
whole lot of polluting industrial work that you can bypass, so they show enormous promise. As the environmental emergency has worsened, there’s been a growing awareness of the interconnectivity of the living world.
Fungi are really powerful poster organisms for ecological thinking. Ecology studies the relationships between organisms, and fungi
form physical connections between organisms, so embody this fundamental principle of ecology. 【題組】37. What is this passage mainly about?
(A) It introduces health benefits of mushroom.
(B) It describes fashion’s mushroom obsession.
(C) It explains how to grow mushrooms at home.
(D) It highlights mushroom poisoning syndromes.
【題組】39. Why does the author of this passage consider that mushroom leather is more sustainable form of animal leather?
(A) Fungi produce fewer CO2 emissions.
(B) Fungi generate less waste water.
(C) Limited toxic chemicals are used.
(D) Animals are not slaughtered for hides.
International tourism is headed back to pre-pandemic levels, with double the number of people travelling so far in 2023 than in
the same period last year. This is a huge industry: between 1980 and 2019, global travel arrivals rose from 177 million to nearly 1.5
billion per year.
But unsurprisingly, tourism is a big contributor to the global plastic pollution crisis. Eight out of ten tourists visit coastal areas,
adding to the 8 million tons of plastic that enter the ocean every year. Many hotels are also filled with single-use plastic shampoos,
toothbrushes, and combs. While cruise ships dump large amounts of microplastic-laden wastewater into the sea.
A joint 2021 report from the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Travel and Tourism Council
highlighted the need for coordinated actions, policies, and infrastructures to drive the industry toward circularity. Never has this been more urgent. Every year, humanity produces around 430 million tons, two-thirds of which are short-lived
products which soon become waste. Ninety-nine percent of plastic is the product of chemicals derived from dirty, non-renewable
sources. Most of it never really disappears. Instead, it becomes smaller, with particles being swallowed by fish or farm animals and
eventually consumed by humans in their food and tap water.
Nonetheless, plastic continues to grow in popularity, with production increasing more than 22 times in the last 50 year. In a
“business as usual” scenario, plastic could emit 19 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions by 2040.
The link between plastic and tourism is no coincidence. Single-use plastic products are an efficient and inexpensive way to
comply with health, safety, and hygiene standards while also ensuring worry-free holiday experiences to guests. 【題組】40. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)The relationship between plastic and global warming.
(B) How the pandemic has affected tourism.
(C) How tourism contributes to the plastic pollution crisis.
(D) How hotels make money off of single-use plastic products.
【題組】41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
(A) The number of people traveling in 2023 has doubled since pre-pandemic levels.
(B) Many hotels use reusable shampoo bottles and metal combs.
(C) A 2021 report from UNEP called for action in stopping child labor.
(D) Most of the plastic produced is used in products with a short lifespan.
【題組】42. According to the passage, what happens to plastic waste?
(A) It is sent into outer space.
(B) It is transformed into renewable energy.
(C) It is remolded into plastic toothbrushes.
(D) It is eventually consumed by humans.
The Aral Sea, roughly translated as “Sea of Islands,” is a good example of just how badly humans can screw things up. Shared
by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia, the Aral Sea used to cover more than 66,000 square kilometers, and more than 1,534
islands once dotted its waters. It was one of the four largest inland seas in the world. There was a thriving fishing industry, and life
was healthy in towns around the edge of the lake. Now the Aral Sea is mostly a desert wasteland. A graveyard of ships stranded in the
dust is a reminder of the past.
In order to grow cotton in the desert, the former Soviet Union built a system of canals and diverted water from the two major
rivers that used to feed the Aral Sea. Without fresh water from the rivers, the lake water turned salty. Fish and plants could not survive.
In a matter of years, the entire ecosystem was dying. The lake began to shrink. It became two smaller lakes, and by 2004, it was only 25% of its original size.
The soil in the cotton fields is also slowly being ruined. Adding too much water to the desert brings a layer of salt to the surface.
From the air, the ground looks white, as if it were covered with snow. Mixed with farm chemicals, the salt blows in the air for
hundreds of miles. The consequences of this mismanagement go far beyond a dry lake. The formerly vibrant fishing industry is dead. Drinking
water in the region is badly polluted with salt and chemicals used on the cotton crops. Lung diseases, cancer, and dead infants have
become common.
Governments have been reluctant to let the water flow back into the Aral Sea. They say they have to think of the income from
the cotton and the farmers who depend on the crops for work.
Scientists doubt that the sea will ever recover. Togian Ibragimova, the deputy mayor of Muynak, a town near the Aral Sea, told a
BBC reporter that she hopes people will at least learn from the mistakes made with the Aral Sea. “It could easily happen again,” she
said. “Human beings can be very stupid.” 【題組】45. What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) The salty water from the Aral Sea is not fit to be used to irrigate cotton fields.
(B) Due to human follies, the Aral Sea was turned into a desert wasteland.
(C) The environment must be put before economic growth.
(D) The Aral Sea has been destroyed to the extent that it is unlikely to recover.
【題組】46. Why did the water of the Aral Sea turn salty?
(A) because farm chemicals flowed into the water.
(B) because the cotton fields extended as far as the Aral Sea.
(C) because cotton blocked the rivers that used to feed the Aral Sea.
(D) because the rivers that used to feed the Aral Sea were diverted elsewhere.
【題組】47. Why is the soil in the cotton fields also slowly being ruined?
(A) With too much water added to the cotton field, a layer of salt has formed on the surface of the soil.
(B) Too much snow falls on the desert every year, thereby destroying the soil.
(C) The farm chemicals do extensive damage to the desert where cotton crops are cultivated.
(D) The polluted air hangs over the cotton fields, thereby ruining the soil.
【題組】48. What was the size of the Aral Sea by 2004?
(A) 66,000 square kilometers
(B) 33,000 square kilometers
(C) 16,500 square kilometers
(D) 19,800 square kilometers
【題組】49. What do the governments of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan care about?
(A) the fishing industry
(B) ecology
(C) the income from the cotton
(D) their people’s health
【題組】50. Which of the following is NOT similar in meaning to the word “vibrant” in the fourth paragraph?
(A) lively
(B) nostalgic
(C) full of life
(D) dynamic
Part D: Language Teaching Pedagogy
51. Which word list best describes the pronunciation rule, “We close both our lips and air comes up from the throat, pushing
the lips apart in a little explosion”?
(A) /p/ and /b/ in words like top and bit.
(B) /f/ and /v/ in words like ferry and very.
(C) /j/ and /w/ in words like university and world.
(D) /l/ in words like Liverpool and language.
52. Speakers of a non-dominant language accept a few key words, usually related to business or trade, from the dominant
language to develop a common language, which is called a _________.
(A) dialect (B) pidgin (C) jargon (D) idiolect
53. Reading assessment implies differentiating bottom-up from top-down tasks, as well as focus on form versus on _________.
(A) method (B) structure (C) scheme (D) meaning
54. Identify a method or an approach: Today L2 teachers use pictures and props to help students understand meaning. This was
originally from ____.
(A) the Direct Method
(B) the Audio-lingual Method
(C) Total Physical Response
(D) Communicative Language Teaching
55. This refers to the state language learners find themselves in when using a mixed form of L1 and L2 before being proficient
in L2. This means the language learners may borrow rules and forms from their first language and apply them to their L2
output. This gives an incorrect output.
(A) elicitation (B) formulaic expressions (C) fossilization (D) interlanguage
57. It is common for speakers of languages to use words and sentences from other languages. This phenomenon is known as
________.
(A) code switching and code mixing
(B) language transmission
(C) speech action in speaking
(D) sociolinguistic behavior
58. Which of the following activities helps to create a print language rich environment?
(A) Asking children to name objects in their language.
(B) Showing children videos with the titles below.
(C) Using printers available in the classroom.
(D) Writing the names of the objects in the classroom and sticking them on the objects.
59. Which of the following conditions is correct for vocabulary learning?
(A) The ability to understand the meaning of most words with focused attention is essential for fluent reading as well as
for fluent speaking.
(B) We can communicate by using words that are placed in the proper order, pronounced imperfectly, or marked with the
improper grammatical morphemes, but communication often continues if we use the incorrect word.
(C) An English speaker should know at least 20000 words in order to have a successful daily conversation.
(D) Circumlocution and gestures can sometimes compensate for the communication of poor vocabulary ability.
60. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)?
(A) Emphasizes engaging learners in meaningful tasks.
(B) Focuses on authentic and relevant language use in real-life situations.
(C) Promotes learner-centered critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
(D) Relies primarily on interview dialogues to practice language in a purposeful way.
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