請依下文回答第 6 題至第 10 題 A big hole in the car park at SpaceX’s headquarters in Los Angeles is the first visible evidence of another of Elon Musk’s ventures. Mr. Musk who, besides leading SpaceX, a rocket company, also __6__ Tesla, a maker of electric cars, is going into the tunneling business. The goal of the Boring Company, as he dubs his new enterprise, is to __7__ into tunnels faster and more cheaply than is possible at the moment. __8__ the pit in the car park, Mr. Musk says he has also begun a series of test tunnels for a project that will, if it comes to __9__ , carry cars under Los Angeles on high-speed sledges. In this way, people can __10__ the dreadful traffic jams above. More ambitiously, he claims to have official support for a 320 km (200-mile) tunnel that would, in half an hour, whisk peopole between New York and Washington, DC, in magnetically propelled capsules, using a technology he has dubbed the hyperloop. 【題組】8 (A) Apart from (B) According to (C) In view of (D) In spite of
請依下文回答第 11 題至第 15 題 The clever fool syndrome would explain why one controversial study of Harvard Business School students found that, after a flying start, the alumni (presumably among the ablest young men of their day)gradually slipped back to the general level inside their chosen management __11__ . A Harvard graduate has no reason at all to suppose that he will manage more effectively than a less instructed contemporary. The Harvard man can only claim that he is more highly educated; and high education and high achievement in practical affairs don’t necessarily go together. John F Kennedy found that assembling America’s brightest brains in Washington neither got bills __12__ Congress nor avoided the Bay of Pigs; and many companies have discovered that business school diplomas are a thin __13__ against incompetence. An overwhelmingly large proportion of the highest and best American executives did study business. All this proves that an overwhelmingly large proportion of business-minded undergraduates got the real message,which is that a diploma will be good for their careers, starting with starting salaries. It does not follow that the education was of any other direct benefit either to the executive or his firm. __14__ , of course, that the schooling was wasted. As a general rule, the wise man recruits the finest intelligence he can find; and good minds are far better for good training. The question is only whether academic training in subjects that seem to have some connection with management __15__ the best education for managing, and that is something that nobody can prove either way. 【題組】14 (A) It is not followed (B) Nor does it follow (C) One follows (D) What follows
請依下文回答第 16 題至第 20 題 Issues concerning women’s bodily integrity and autonomy, such as abortion, rape, and sterilization, are subject to strong opinions that give rise to equally charged political policies. As with other issues pertaining to women’s bodies, prostitution discourse is largely concerned with determining whether this social practice is exploitative, empowering, or a consequence of immorality. Prostitution is here defined as a social practice by which men gain sexual access to the bodies of predominantly women, children, and sometimes other men, through the exchange of money, goods, or housing.Prostitution, as a social construct, arises from “men’s dominance and women’s subordination.” Most people take one of three salient positions on prostitution. The first position argues that prostitution is a consequence of deficient moral character. This position draws heavily from patriarchal and religious traditions that equate female sexuality with temptation and male sexuality with dominance and sanctioned insatiability. The second position, the “sex work” position, asserts that prostitution is a valid form of labor and argues that prostitution is not inherently harmful to women. This position further contends that women have aright to decide what they will do with their bodies and that sex work, though oppressive for some, is potentially both lucrative and empowering for other women. The third position asserts that prostitution is a consequence of social, political, and economic inequality and argues that women are predominantly conscripted into prostitution because of their social vulnerability. Political regulation of prostitution activity varies according to each nation’s underlying economic and social justice commitments. 【題組】19 According to the passage, what is the major reason prostitution is immoral?
(A) Religious condemnation. (B) Political commitment. (C) Economic activity. (D) Racial discrimination.
請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題 In business or in daily life, when dealing with the things we know, we can plan accordingly and expect them to go as planned. However good business or personal plans may be, they can sometimes __41__ because of unexpected events or circumstances, which are often called contingencies. Success sometimes reflects the number of calculated risks we are willing to take, both personally and professionally. That is why contingency planning is so important for it allows active risk management and __42__ preparation rather than reactive decisions when faced with an emergency, which can result in failure. In business a contingency, either externally or internally, is generally negative, and it may influence the financial health, professional image, or market share of a company. __43__ , such unexpected development can likewise be a surprising windfall, for example, a giant order. Anything __44__ that upsets a company’s normal operation can hurt the company regardless of the possibility that the interruption is a direct result of a windfall. It should, therefore, be a normal part of the business planning process to __45__ potential threats and opportunities. Seeing to this can ensure that specific contingency plans and resources are well-prepared to deal with them.
【題組】44 (A) across the board (B) in due course (C) out of the blue (D) up in the air
42 As the global economy will experience big and small changes in the coming decades, some economists believe
a _______ minimal income is a way to start. But some fear to see a lot of idle hands who have no intention of working. (A)dependant (B)loose (C)preserved (D)guaranteed
1 Mourning for a deceased family member is totally understandable, but if you find yourself on_______ the past too long and too much, you had better seek professional help. (A) daunting (B) dwelling (C) drafting (D) diving
13 Most migrants were not treated fairly in the American society in the 19th century when the _____ of
Asians was widespread throughout the Western society. (A) oppression (B) elevation (C) inclination (D) assumption
34 The meeting finally came to an end when the committee members reached a ______ on adding an additional prize
winner. (A) consultant (B) consensus (C) collision (D) competition
請依下文回答第 46 至第 50 題： Soon after ChatGPT debuted in 2022, researchers tested what the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot would write afterit was asked questions peppered with conspiracy theories and false narratives. The results — in writings formatted asnews articles, essays and television scripts — were so troubling that the researchers minced no words in their criticismof the new technology. Researchers predict that generative technology like ChatGPT could make disinformation cheaperand easier to produce for an even larger number of conspiracy theorists and spreaders of disinformation. Personalized,real-time chatbots could share conspiracy theories in increasingly credible and persuasive ways, researchers say,smoothing out human errors like poor syntax and mistranslations and advancing beyond easily discoverable copy-pastejobs. And they say that no available mitigation tactics can effectively combat it. Predecessors to ChatGPT, which was created by the company OpenAI, have been used for years to pepper onlineforums and social media platforms with comments and spam. Microsoft had to halt activity from its Tay chatbot within 24 hours of introducing it on Twitter in 2016 after trolls taught it to spew racist and xenophobic language. ChatGPT isfar more powerful and sophisticated. Supplied with questions loaded with disinformation, it can produce convincing,clean variations on the content within seconds, without disclosing its sources. Recently, Microsoft and OpenAI introduceda new Bing search engine and web browser that can use chatbot technology to plan vacations, translate texts or conductresearch. OpenAI researchers have long been nervous about chatbots falling into villainous hands. In a 2019 paper, they voicedtheir concern about their chatbot’s capabilities to lower costs of disinformation campaigns and aid in the malicious pursuitof monetary gains, particular political agendas, and/or desires to create chaos or confusion. OpenAI uses machines andhumans to monitor content that is fed into and produced by ChatGPT. The company relies on both its human AI trainersand feedback from users to identify and filter out toxic training data while teaching ChatGPT to produce better-informedresponses. OpenAI’s policies prohibit use of its technology to promote dishonesty, deceive or manipulate users or attemptto influence politics; the company offers a free moderation tool to handle content that promotes hate, self-harm, violenceor sex.
【題組】46 What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) ChatGPT should not be used by conspiracy theorists and fake news spreaders. (B) ChatGPT developers believe their chatbot can help users discern misinformation. (C) Newly developed chatbots like ChatGPT can produce well-formatted news articles. (D) Misinformation is a serious problem with ChatGPT, which is hard to solve.
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