31 Studies have shown that individuals tend to evaluate the implementation of testing programs as
less________ when fair procedures have been used.
(A)objectified
(B) objective
(C) ostensible
(D)objectionable
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題 At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 1,000 colleges with 160,000 students existed in the US. The number of colleges skyrocketed in waves, during the early and mid 20th century. State universities grew from smallin stitutions of fewer than 1,000 students to campuses with 40,000 more students, with networks of regional campuses around the state. In turn, regional campuses broke away and became separate universities. To handle the explosive growth of K–12 education, every state set up a network of teachers’ colleges, beginningwith Massachusetts in the 1830s. After 1950, they became state colleges and then state universities with a broad curriculum. Major new trends included the development of the junior colleges. They were usually set up by city school systems starting in the 1920s. By the 1960s they were renamed as “community colleges.” Junior colleges grew from 20 in number in 1909, to 170 in 1919. By 1922, 37 states had set up 70 junior colleges, enrolling about 150 students each. Meanwhile, another 137 were privately operated, with about 60 student seach. Rapid expansion continued in the 1920s, with 440 junior colleges in 1930 enrolling about 70,000 students.The peak year for private institutions came in 1949, when there were 322 junior colleges in all; 180 were affiliated with churches, 108 were independent and non-profit, and 34 were private schools being run for-profit. Many factors contributed to rapid growth of community colleges. Students parents and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force, as well as for more advanced technical jobs in the blue-collar sphere. Four-year colleges were also growing, albeit not as fast; however, many ofthem were located in rural or small-town areas away from the fast-growing metropolis. Community collegescontinue as open-enrollment, low-cost institutions with a strong component of vocational education, as well as alow-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year schools. They appeal to a poorer, older, less preparedelement. 【題組】48 Which is one of the factors that contributed to the rapid growth of community colleges in the United States?
(A) It is a major new trend to include as many rural students as possible. (B) The purpose is to handle the explosive growth of K–12 education. (C) Parents and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools in rural or small-town areas to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force. (D) Many community colleges were located in the center of the fast-growing metropolis to provide more advanced technical jobs in the blue-collar sphere.
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