Research on teaching and learning in TESOL has incorporated student __16__ and student voices in a variety of ways. However, it is relatively__ 17__ to see studies that survey students after they have exited a language program and can reflect on what they have gained from completing it. Some years ago, Christison and Krahnke (1986) argued that curriculum design in ESL programs for __18__ preparation has, in general, failed to use the experience of students themselves as a basis for planning and decision making. Such 19 from students is important for two reasons. First, student satisfaction can be a __20__ data point, along with statistical data (such as GPAs) and performance data (such as portfolios of student writing), to inform program assessment for outside evaluators. Second, if student feedback is finely tuned to __21__ opinions about specific elements of the program or curriculum, administrators and teachers can potentially use it to improve their practices. The survey described in this article was sent to university second language (L2) students who had completed a required English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program for first-year multilingual students one to three years earlier. Its director (the author) was interested in students’ feedback on the program to __22__ ways in which the program could continue to improve. In this article, I describe the program, the survey __23__ (N = 355), and changes and discussions that are under way as a result of the findings. __24__ the details of the curriculum, the survey, and the consequent changes are specific to this particular program, the process of review and __25__ that we pursued (and continue to pursue) can be applicable to many different language, writing, or EAP programs that wish to strategically incorporate student perspectives in their own self-evaluations.

 
(A)

        When one thinks of language, the thousands of different tongues spoken in the world may come to mind. However, the human voice cannot travel very far. In remote regions, such as thick forests and mountains, whistling is used instead to communicate across long distances. One may think of herders whistling fervently, sending their messages across ravines. It is also found in Star Wars, particularly when R2-D2 whistles to other droids. However, the best-studied whistled language is Silbo Gomero, which is found on one of the Canary Islands called La Gomera. 

      First used by the island’s inhabitants as an ancient language of the Canaries, Silbo Gomero, or simply Silbo, became the whistled form of Spanish after settlers arrived in the 16th century. Since there are only four consonants and two to four vowels of Silbo, wellversed silbadores, or whistlers, depend on deduction skills to understand each other. Usage decreased in the 1950s due to a growing system of roads, economic decline, and the development of telephones. To combat this, the government of the Canary Islands began an initiative to preserve Silbo in the 1990s by teaching it as a required subject in elementary school. In 2009, UNESCO added Silbo Gomero to its list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, ensuring its survival.

      Another well-known whistled language exists in a village nestled in the mountains of northern Turkey called the “Village of the Birds,” or Kuskoy. Though the language is dying, as gossip is best shared by phone, whistled Turkish is interestingly processed using both hemispheres of the brain while spoken languages, even Silbo, are typically processed in the left hemisphere. It may be a pipe dream, but this research is a glimmer of hope for stroke victims who may learn to communicate through whistles.

       Rising temperatures__(18)__ with global warming cause glaciers and ice caps to melt. This can cause flooding and make sea levels rise. Rising temperaturesalso lead to droughts and desertification-the transformation of __(19)__ land to desert. Some of these effects, such as sea level rise, can put land completely underwater, __(20)__ it uninhabitable. Other effects, such as drought, make it impossible for people in the region to support themselves.

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       The world is experiencing a profound demographic shift, characterized by a rapidly aging population. This phenomenon, often referred to as an aging society, presents unique challenges and implications for individuals, communities, and governments. One of the key challenges posed by an aging society is the strain it puts on healthcare systems. As people age, they tend to require more medical care, including specialized services for agerelated illnesses and conditions. This increased demand for healthcare services can lead to resource shortages, longer waiting time, and escalating healthcare costs.

        Another significant implication of an aging society is the strain on social welfare systems. With a larger proportion of the population entering retirement age, there is an increased demand for pension benefits, social security, and elder care services. The sustainability of these systems becomes a pressing concern, as the shrinking working-age population may need help to support the growing number of retirees. Additionally, an aging society brings about changes in family dynamics and caregiving responsibilities. As older adults may require assistance with daily activities and healthcare management, the burden often falls on family members, predominantly women, who may have to juggle work, personal life, and caregiving duties. This can lead to increased stress and financial strain on families, as well as potential conflicts and reduced quality of life for both caregivers and the elderly.

       Furthermore, an aging society can have economic repercussions. The labor force may experience a decline in productivity and potential labor shortages as a result of a shrinking working-age population. This can hamper economic growth, increase dependency ratios, and put pressure on social security systems. Governments and businesses need to adapt by implementing strategies to support older workers, promote workforce participation, and address skills gaps. Despite the challenges, an aging society also presents opportunities. Older adults have a wealth of knowledge, skills, and experience that can contribute to society in various ways. They can engage in volunteer work, mentor younger generations, and participate in lifelong learning programs. Creating age-friendly environments and promoting active aging can harness the potential of older adults, fostering social integration and intergenerational cohesion.