B. 39 – 42 題 Carbon rights refer to the legal rights associated with the ownership, management, and use of
carbon resources. These rights are becoming increasingly important as the world grapples with
climate change, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions becomes more urgent.
Carbon rights
are also an important tool for addressing the economic, social, and environmental challenges
associated with climate change.
Carbon rights are based on the principle that carbon emissions have an impact on the climate
and the environment. As such, those who emit carbon should bear the costs of their emissions. This
principle is embodied in the concept of carbon pricing, which involves putting a price on carbon
emissions in order to encourage businesses and individuals to reduce their emissions.
There are two main types of carbon rights: ownership rights and usage rights. Ownership rights
refer to the right to own and control carbon resources, such as oil, gas, and coal. These rights are often
held by companies or governments, and can be bought and sold like other commodities. Usage rights
refer to the right to use carbon resources, such as the right to emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
These rights are often granted through permits or allowances, and can be traded on carbon markets.
Carbon rights can have a significant impact on the economy and the environment. By putting a
price on carbon emissions, carbon pricing can create incentives for businesses and individuals to
reduce their emissions and invest in cleaner technologies. Carbon pricing can also generate revenue
for governments, which can be used to fund climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
However, there are also concerns about the potential impact of carbon rights on social equity.
Carbon pricing can disproportionately affect low-income households and communities, who may not
have the resources to invest in cleaner technologies. There is also a risk that carbon markets could
lead to speculation and market manipulation, which could undermine the effectiveness of carbon
pricing.
To address these concerns, it is important to design carbon pricing policies and carbon markets
in a way that takes social equity and environmental sustainability into account. This can be done by
implementing measures such as revenue recycling, which involves using the revenue generated by
carbon pricing to fund programs that benefit low-income households and communities.
【題組】42. What is the risk associated with carbon markets?
(A) Reduced revenue for governments, leading to decreased investment in climate change
mitigation and adaptation measures.
(B) Insufficient demand for carbon permits, leading to economic stagnation.
(C) Increased carbon emissions, due to the lack of incentive for businesses and individuals to
reduce their emissions.
(D) Speculation and market manipulation, which could undermine the effectiveness of carbon
pricing.