25.在 GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation)證據評析
系統中,以下何者為觀察性研究(Observational studies)的升級因素?
(A) 偏差風險(risk of bias)
(B) 預估效果量的不精確性(imprecision of the estimated effect)
(C) 明顯的估計效果量(magnitude of the estimated effect)
(D) 證據間接性(indirectness of evidence)