四、閱讀測驗
Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg was born on July 4th 1883 in San Francisco. By the end of his lifetime in
December 7th 1970, he was known as an inventor, sculptor, author, engineer and cartoonist. At a young age, he
loved drawing, tracing and being creative, but this was discouraged by his parents. In 1904, he graduated with a
degree in engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then hired as an engineer by the city
of San Francisco but eventually quit to become a sports cartoonist for the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1907 he
moved to New York where he worked for several newspapers. He soon became famous as an artist.
His cartoon strips were popular, but the work that gave him unforgettable lifelong fame was the character
he created—Professor Lucifer Gorgonzola Butts. Using the character, he would illustrate inventions that later
became known as the “Rube Goldberg Machine”. A “Rube Goldberg Machine” is an extremely complicated
device that performs a very simple task in a complex, indirect way. This is now used as an expression to describe
any system that's confusing or complicated and came from Goldbergʼs illustrations of ridiculous machines. The
first illustration showing a “Rube Goldberg Machine” was an Automatic Weight Reducing Machine in 1914
using components such as a donut, bomb, wax, balloon and hot stove to trap an overweight person in a sound
and food proof prison. The overweight person had to lose weight before freeing himself. He used many simple
subjects and made them humorous yet very complicated. This included scratching insect bites, scrubbing your
back in a bath, opening a window, collecting mail and finding a ball.
Throughout his career, Goldberg was fascinated by the advancement of technology and thought it
humorous that people either embraced the benefits technology brought or were unwilling to accept new
technology as it seemingly increased dependency and laziness. He personally believed people preferred
choosing a more difficult route instead of completing a goal simply and directly. As he said, “the machines are a
symbol of manʼs capacity for making maximum effort to achieve minimal results”. His inventions were
interesting because he did the complete opposite of what most machines do—instead of making difficult things
easy, he made easy things difficult. 【題組】25. Why did Reuben Goldberg draw the interesting machines?
(A) To express his distrust of modern technology.
(B) To make fun of a certain professor in his university.
(C) To show how men often made simple things more complicated.
(D) To mirror his childhood life as an overweight boy.
三、克漏字
Numerous opportunities exist for people who want to travel abroad to experience a foreign culture.
Homestays, study abroad programs, student exchanges, and international competitions all offer rich
opportunities for cross-cultural __(26)__ . There are also government-run programs, such as the Peace Corps. __(27)__ US president John F. Kennedy in 1961, the organization has sent volunteers all over the globe to
take part in community enriching programs.
Since its inception four decades ago, the Peace Corps has sent 200,000 Americans abroad. They’ve
traveled to 139 countries, with the majority serving in Africa and Latin America. Volunteers __(28)__ 27
months of service, which includes pre-service training and time spent overseas. Their assignments may be
in one of many fields, such as education, agriculture, health, business, and youth development. Since many
of these fields require __(29)__ knowledge, 89% of volunteers hold university __(30)__ .
【題組】28. (A) make up (B) commit to (C) consist of (D) depend on
四、閱讀測驗 Recent biological research indicates that there is a biochemical basis to love, which explains why people in love feel as if they were in a more beautiful world. Psychologists such as Dr. Elaine Hatfield, Robert Sternberg and Zick Rubin posit that love consists of three or more stages. The three main stages are lust, attraction, and attachment, while some of the other stages are intimacy, trust, and jealousy. Each stage is ruled or initiated by specific hormonal controllers. In their studies, every love passes through some of these stages and occurs due to the mediation of certain molecules in these specific chemical controllers. Biological research has shown that the hormones dominant in the different phases include testosterone and estrogen (the sexual hormones); dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin (these are the “pleasure chemicals” - the hormones invoking feelings of pleasure and excitement); and oxytocin (the “cuddle chemical” - the hormone producing feelings of attachment to another person). For example, in the second phase of attraction, when people have the feeling of being in love, the little molecule phenylethylamine (known as PEA), controlling the love chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, can cause feelings of elation, exhilaration and euphoria. People feel excited and fulfilled. Additionally, biological anthropologist Helen Fisher, an expert on romantic love, discusses what happens in the brain when people are in love and proposes that there is a dramatic increase in the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine present in the brain when one first becomes infatuated with another person. 【題組】39. According to the scientists, which of the following about how love occurs is NOT true?
(A) Every love passes through three or more stages - lust, attraction, attachment, etc.
(B) PEA is a hormone our bodies produce that promotes mutual feelings of connection and bonding.
(C) There is an increase in the amount of dopamine present in the brain when people are in love.
(D) People’s brains are influenced by hormones and chemicals that cause them to feel the way they feel.
三、閱讀測驗【第46題至第49題請選出最符合題意的單字,第50請選出正答案】 We need to bear in mind two points about globalization. First of all, it is not a now process since many experts and economists have pointed out that the economic forces that have created globalization started in the century. Second, the world has not__ 46__ equally in the globalizing process. The most fundamental issue surrounding globalization is whether it will contribute to global peace. Defenders believe that global economic cooperation and cultural __47__ are the key to international peace and prosperity. They want to create a __48__world firee from any regional or national conficts. However, opponents view any form of global cooperation with __49__ . They oppose organizations such as the International Monctary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank (WB), as they believe these organizations are controlled by powerful countries, mainly the US, the EU and Japan. 【題組】46. (A) suspicion (B)borderless (C) benefited (D)communication
17. If Kim thinks that I’m going to let her copy my math homework, she’s ______.
(A) beating around the bush (B) getting stuck between a rock and a hard place
(C) barking up at the wrong tree (D) standing up for herself
10. Taking notes on your career, education, and other accomplishments and skills will _____ that you can shape your resume
to a wide variety of professional opportunities.
(A) instill (B) ensure (C) ensnare (D) entrust
寫作批改
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century. Second, the world has not__ 46__ equally in the globalizing process. The most fundamental issue surrounding globalization is whether it will contribute to global peace. Defenders believe that global economic cooperation and cultural __47__ are the key to international peace and prosperity. They want to create a __48__world firee from any regional or national conficts. However, opponents view any form of global cooperation with __49__ . They oppose organizations such as the International Monctary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank (WB), as they believe these organizations are controlled by powerful countries, mainly the US, the EU and Japan.