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In both civil and criminal court cases in the United States, a jury is called to give a verdict. The jury is made up of members of the general population—individuals who typically have little or no legal training. Such a jury is valued because it offers a trial by one’s peers. In preparation for hearing a court case, a jury must understand the presumption of innocence and the burden of proof. Before a legal trial, an explanation is read to jurors, as follows: “The defendant enters this courtroom as an innocent person, and you must consider him to be an innocent person until the State convinces you beyond a reasonable doubt that he is guilty of every element of the alleged offense. If, after all the evidence and arguments, you have a reasonable doubt as to the defendant’s having committed any one or more of the elements of the offense, then you must find him not guilty.”
In determining whether or not the State has proven the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, jury members should be guided only by a full and fair evaluation of the evidence. Jurors should not be influenced by their own personal bias or sympathy.