An outlet based in Teesside, North England, offers its selection of faceless black coverings pressingly under the somewhat overstated slogan “effortlessly elegant”. (16)E such prudishness, leading Muslim designers recently took part in London Fashion Week, a global (17) of threads, to prove that what they called “Modest Fashion” could be as (18) as a bedtime story from a Thousand and One Nights. The organizers avoided the word sexy, since that would be un-Islamic, explained one. But their models wore make-up, nail-polish, and figure-hugging costumes. Some had veils, though these tended to slip from their heads as they (19) to techno beats. Nearby, cosmetics companies (20) alcohol-free perfume and lipsticks free of animal fat, which made the products (21) , though still viewed by some clerics (22) not sharia-compliant for being flirtatious. Islamic fashion could be big business. Worldwide, Muslims spend close to $300bn a year on clothes and shoes, only a bit (23) than America does, though only a fraction goes on fashion. In Western countries, at least, observant Muslim, Jewish or Christian women who want to cover their flesh often mix-and-match from collections which care (24) for modesty. That could change. Earlier this year, Debenhams, a British department store, began (25) an Islamic line. And some more fashion companies have launched collections for Middle Eastern customers. Thus, design has mushroomed.

(A) sleek
(B) running
(C) as
(D) for
(E) defying (AB) halal (AC) strutted (AD) plied (AE) less (BC) little (BD) showcase

When people imagine robots, they likely think of them as stiff and angular, made of metal and other rigid substances. But for years now, researchers have been trying to come up with a robot that’s softer. 

Scientists wanted robots that could do well on rough terrain, variable conditions, and interact more safely for humans. But because of the rigid materials robots are generally made of, it was difficult for the robots to adjust the force used when interacting with humans. Nor could they be manipulated well when trying to explore or conduct search and rescue missions. 

But now, a team from Harvard is paving the way in this field with their introduction of the octobot. It’s inspired by the octopus, hence its name, and moves using a pneumatic system of inflatable chambers. Different chemicals work and react together to inflate the actuators that allow the octobot to move. The movement control board is really a fluid-filled version of a circuit board that uses logic gates. The entire system is very complex and involves a variety of methods to create, including soft-lithography and a special type of 3-D printing. 

The researchers are now working to add sensors to the robot, which would allow it to detect objects in its environment and navigate toward or away from them. The basic design can be scaled up or down, increasing or decreasing fuel capacity depending on the robot’s job. As the field of soft robotics advances, the scientists envision these robots being used for marine search and rescue, oceanic temperature sensing, and military surveillance.