Please read the following chart/excerpts/passages closely and then choose the BEST answer for each of the questions according to the contents. 

   In 1839 Charles Darwin published Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of HMS Beagle Round the World, Under the Command of Captn. FitzRoy, R.N. It was a huge success in Britain and cemented Darwin’s fame as a naturalist. By then Charles and Emma had been married three years and had two children, and they decided it was time to leave London. They were tired of the crime, the coal dust that blackened their clothes, the horse dung that clung to their shoes. They wanted to raise their children in the countryside, where they had grown up. They picked out an estate called Down House, an 18-acre farm in Kent, 16 miles from London. Darwin became a gentleman farmer, planting flowers, buying a horse and a cow. He stopped mingling in the scientific societies altogether. He got whatever information he needed by letter or from carefully selected weekend guests.

   E-commerce refers to the process of buying or selling products or services over the Internet. It has affected people in many aspects. For example, while e-commerce helps create many new job opportunities, it also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly-skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills will have fewer job opportunities. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to the customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. As a result, more staff members are needed to manage, supervise and organize the warehouse to ensure that it functions properly.

   E-commerce has also influenced our shopping behavior. For example, it brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse the products online, especially for buying those products not sold in nearby shops. It could also help them buy a wider range of items and save them time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotions or discount codes and thus, it is more price-effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce can even provide more detailed information about the products than the in-store staff can. Customers can also review and track their order history online.

   However, e-commerce lacks human interactions for customers, which is especially problematic for those who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers. In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying wrong-sized clothes. When customers regret the purchase of a product, they need to return the goods and go through the refunding process. It is inconvenient as they need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it then involves safety issues.

 　　At the time, little was known of the workings of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be use as cure-all. Women were bled to keep them from blushing, while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

 　　From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripes for blood.

 [   1   ] Arturo Bustamante, a health policy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, said that those who visit Mexico for care are mostly Mexican or Latino immigrants living in the U.S. [   2   ] He said non-Latino patients mainly cross the border to get treatment for their teeth, buy prescription drugs, or to receive cosmetic surgery or some cancer treatments not covered in the U.S.

       However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) warns that medical tourism could be risky depending on the country and the medical center. Among the risks are infectious diseases, quality of care, language difficulties, and follow-up care. [   3   ]

       To reduce risks, the CDC advises people to work with a healthcare provider or travel medicine provider before making the trip. [   4   ] Lydia Gan of North Carolina noted that care providers often have someone pick patients up at the airport and take them to the health center or hotel. Edelheit of the Medical Tourism Association added that patients should research care quality before considering prices. “They really need to make sure they are going with the best of the best,” he said.

       Once patients choose a country and a provider, the CDC advises to bring medical records and to inform medical workers of any health problems. After a procedure, the agency says to get copies of all new medical records and to plan for follow-up care. [   5   ] If someone has medical problems after returning home, it may be hard for their doctor to learn the details about the care received during a trip.