Many who study Toyota’s way of working are often initially surprised at the lack of specific, step-by-step, how-to instructions. But the Toyota culture is intended to draw upon the creative abilities of employees; if the processes were put into a manual featuring steps 1, 2 and 3，then people would likely follow the steps robotically, doing their job each day precisely the same way they did it the day before. The Toyota system is teaching people to think for themselves and find a better way to do the job, and to take individual ownership.

　　The staff is friendly but not able to handle large numbers of people—the more crowded the restaurant, the slower the service. At dinner time the lines outside this popular restaurant are getting longer and longer. Try lunchtime for a quieter, more relaxed meal.

      The stock market boom changed the way investors viewed the stock market. No longer was the stock market only for long-term investment. Rather, in 1928, the stock market had become a place where everyday people truly believed that they could become rich. Interest in the stock market reached a fevered pitch. Stocks had become the talk of every town. Discussions about stocks could be heard everywhere, from parties to barbershops. As newspapers reported stories of ordinary people, like chauffeurs, maids, and teachers, making millions off the stock market, the fervor to buy stocks grew exponentially. 

       An increasing number of people wanted to buy stocks, but not everyone had the money to do so. When someone did not have the money to pay the full price of stocks, they could buy stocks "on margin." Buying stocks on margin means that the buyer would put down some of his own money, but the rest he would borrow from a broker. In the 1920s, the buyer only had to put down 10–20% of his own money and thus borrowed 80–90% of the cost of the stock. 

     Buying on margin could be very risky. If the price of stock fell lower than the loan amount, the broker would likely issue a “margin call,” which means the buyer must come up with the cash to pay back his loan immediately. 

     In the 1920s, many speculators (people who hoped to make a lot of money on the stock market) bought stocks on margin. Confident in what seemed a never-ending rise in prices, many of these speculators neglected to seriously consider the risk they were taking.

        Valentine’s Day is a well-known holiday in many countries. In Japan, it’s celebrated a little__ 41__ from elsewhere, though. It’s not a day when men buy their loved ones chocolate and flowers and take them out to dinner. __42__ , it’s a day when women are expected to buy chocolate for their male colleagues as well as their boyfriends or husbands. Chocolate for male workers, called giri choco, or “obligation chocolate,” is not a practice__ 43__ every Japanese woman is fond, however. Many think it’s unfair and expensive. The practice started in 1958, created by a company trying to sell more of their sweets and chocolate. The company was very successful in this marketing scheme. Today, 25% of all the chocolate sold in Japan is purchased around Valentine’s Day. In 2019, though, many Japanese women said they’d __44__ giri choco. A majority of Japanese women said that they __45__ purchase the sweet stuff for themselves on Valentine’s Day.