When a bee returns from a more distant food source, she does what is called the Schwanzeltanz or the waggle dance. She wags her abdomen as she runs straight a short distance while making a rasping sound with her wings.She makes turns that create a figure-eight design. The movements of the dance indicate to the other bees in the hive where they must fly to find the food. Karl von Frisch was the first to decode the dances of the honeybees. As early as the 1940s, he found that honeybees can communicate the direction, distance, and quality of a food source to members of their hive through elaborate dances. Scientists have also discovered that the bees produce a hive-specific pheromone that they leave at the source of the nectar, helping to direct the other bees to the site. A pheromone is a chemical that is secreted by one individual and acts from a distance on another individual to alter that individual’s behavior. The scout bee also brings back the scent of the nectar itself, which further aids the other bees in locating the food source. So there are several indicators of where the food is located: the “dance,” the pheromone, and the odor of the food.