1. Sleep deprivation can have a significantly _______ impact on individuals’ driving behaviors,
which creates grave problems.
(A) detrimental (B) beneficial (C) constructive (D) regenerative
5. A fire can spread easily from one apartment to _______ apartments. That’s why all residents
need to get out immediately during a fire.
(A) fiesta (B) adjacent (C) centrifugal (D) demographic
7. To increase revenue, the manager offered a monetary _______ to the sales associates who
achieved record-breaking sales.
(A) inventory (B) incident (C) incentive (D) inventive
8. She comes from an _______ political family that includes two former Cabinet ministers.
(A) illustrated (B) illustrating (C) illustrative (D) illustrious
10. Scams usually involve “fattening up” victims before taking everything they have. The con
artists behind them take on false online identities and spend months financially _______ their
victims to get them to invest on fraudulent cryptocurrency websites.
(A) attributing (B) grooming (C) resuming (D) rusticating
11. If you _______ altogether, try to cut down as much as possible.
(A) find difficult stopping drinking (B) finding it difficult to stop drinking
(C) finding that is difficult to stop to drink (D) find it difficult to stop drinking
13. Chomsky, _______ and political activist, is returning to Tucson to teach a seven-week politics
course at the University of Arizona.
(A) who a renowned linguistic (B) a renowned linguist
(C) was among the renowned linguistics (D) he was a renowned linguist
15. Temperature, the crucial weather element to measure, is probably _______ used than any other
kind of data.
(A) frequent (B) frequently (C) more frequent (D) more frequently
16. This company has reported over $20 billion in direct costs _______ the grounding of its aircraft.
This figure does not encompass the tens of billions lost in sales revenue and increased interest
expenses due to rising debts.
(A) resulting from (B) from resulting (C) as a result (D) result from
19. If the donation _______ made, extensive renovations would not have been carried out on the
property.
(A) be not (B) has not been (C) had not been (D) would not be
20. Seniors are nutritionally healthy, _______.
(A) the only shortfall is fairly low caloric intake
(B) with the only shortfall is caloric intake low
(C) the only shortfall being fairly low caloric intake
(D) and the only shortfall being fairly low caloric intake
三、語文填空(21-35 題，請選出最適當的選項)
Passage 1
In the past, demand for the birds’ beautiful feathers resulted in a huge amount of hunting. At
the peak of the trade, in the early 1900s, 80,000 skins a year were exported from New Guinea for
European ladies’ hats. __21__ , surprisingly few birds die for these costumes nowadays. Ceremonial
feathers are passed down from generation to generation. Local people are still permitted to hunt
birds of paradise for traditional uses. However, hunters usually target older male birds, __22__ younger males to continue breeding.
There are more serious __23__ to the birds’ welfare. Large farms use up thousands of
hectares of forest where birds of paradise once lived, __24__ large-scale industrial logging. Oil
prospecting and mining also present dangers to New Guinea’s wildest forests. __25__ , human
populations continue to grow. Land is owned by different local families whose leaders disagree
about which areas should be protected. 【題組】21. (A) However (B) Accordingly (C) Likewise (D) Subsequently
Passage 2 It’s too soon to say whether Google’s and Facebook’s attempts to clamp down on fake news
will have a significant impact. But __26__ stories posing as serious journalism are not likely to go
away as they have become a means for some writers to make money and potentially influence
public opinion. __27__ Americans recognize that fake news causes confusion about current issues
and events, they continue to circulate it. A December 2016 survey by the Pew Research Center
suggests that 23 percent of U.S. adults have shared fake news, knowingly or unknowingly, with
friends and others.
“Fake news” is a term that can mean different things, depending on the context. News __28__ is often called fake news as are parodies such as the “Saturday Night Live” mock newscast
Weekend Update. __29__ of the fake news that flooded the internet during the 2016 election
season consisted of written pieces and recorded segments promoting false information or
perpetuating conspiracy theories. Some news organizations published reports spotlighting examples
of __30__ , fake news and misinformation on Election Day 2016. 【題組】26. (A) gnawed (B) fabricated (C) blockade (D) herring
Passage 3
Euphemisms are frequently employed when speakers wish to avoid direct discussion of __31__ topics or to soften their impact. These topics often include death, sex, bodily functions, and body
parts. Examples of euphemisms for avoidance include phrases like “seeing a man about a horse” for
using the restroom, “kicking the bucket” for __32__ , and “rolling in the hay” for sexual
intercourse.
Euphemisms also serve to lessen the harshness or __33__ of certain realities such as
economic injustices, war crimes, and death. Examples of euphemisms for alleviation include
“letting someone go” instead of __34__ an employee, “collateral damage” for civilian casualties,
and “in a better place” to refer to someone who has passed away. In addition, personification is a common type of euphemisms. Personification allows
uncomfortable topics to be discussed more easily by giving them a personal name __35__ a
technical name. For example, “a visit from Aunt Flo” refers to menstruation. 【題組】31. (A) addictive (B) crucial (C) sensitive (D) courageous
四、閱讀測驗(36-50 題，請選出最適當的選項)
Passage 1
The United States is a nation of immigrants, and the patterns of immigration as well as the
reasons people immigrate vary substantially. A common characteristic among the majority of
immigrant families, however, is stress associated with immigration. Many of the values, beliefs, and
strategies that immigrant families and individuals have followed in order to function successfully in
their home cultures differ from U.S. norms. An immigrant family’s system will experience stress to
the extent that members find that strategies they have used in the past to accomplish family tasks
are not as effective in the social, economic, and political contexts of the United States. Therefore, in
addition to the normative and non-normative stressors that families encounter, immigrant families
experience unique stress and change related to migration and acculturation.
Acculturation—the process of adjusting to a new culture or society—involves potential
changes in identity, values, behaviors, attitudes, interactions, and relationships. All family systems
have their own unique rules that define appropriate behaviors and interactions that are influenced by
cultural and ethnic values as well as socioeconomic status and other sociodemographic factors.As
family members encounter stress or pressure to change, the family system also experiences pressure
to change. Family systems theory highlights the importance of interactions among individuals and
family subsystems and the resultant meanings and structures that emerged out of these interactions.
Thus, changes within a family are viewed as being processed by the entire family system, rather
than by a single member. Moreover, stress is viewed as an agent of change rather than as inherently
negative.
As a family system changes, individual family members change their ways of interacting in
accordance with the new rules for interaction. For example, it is fairly common for Mexican
immigrants to the United States to experience “family stage migration” in which one or two family
members immigrate at a time. For example, in the vignette, a case study, Jaime immigrated first,
leaving Maria and children behind, thus creating the need for changes in family strategies. As a man
on his own, Jaime had accomplished many tasks—such as laundry, cooking, and other
chores—typically performed by his wife. In turn, Maria, who was the de facto head of the family’s
household while in Mexico, had to perform many of the roles she previously shared with her
husband (e.g. socialization and discipline of children) alone, as well as family tasks that had been
her husband’s sole responsibility (e.g. managing the family’s finances). When Maria and the
children eventually arrived in the United States, Jaime’s and Maria’s roles had to be renegotiated,
resulting in something entirely new.
The effects of acculturation are complicated by other factors as well, including family
members being at different stages in the acculturation process. Some members (particularly children)
may assimilate rapidly, adopting values and beliefs of the mainstream U.S. culture. Some members
may experience separation； that is, they may retain the values and beliefs of their cultures of origin
and reject those of the mainstream U.S. culture. The most common form of adaptation among
immigrants is integration, or the blending of aspects of both the home culture and the new culture,
as most immigrants find it impractical to ignore the practices of their host country and find it
comforting to retain some of the traditions of their homelands. 【題組】36. Which of the following is true about immigrant families’ values and U.S. norms?
(A) They are identical. (B) They are very similar.
(C) They are often different. (D) They are not mentioned.
【題組】37. According to family systems theory, how are changes within a family viewed?
(A) As influenced by the collective dynamics of the entire family unit
(B) As driven by stress which jeopardizes the process of adjusting
(C) As primarily influenced by individual family members’ preferences
(D) As determined by the parental figure of the household
【題組】38. Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
(A) Some family members may experience separation.
(B) Some family members may experience rapid assimilation.
(C) Family members can be at different stages in the acculturation process.
(D) Blending of home culture and new culture is absent.
【題組】39. Which adaptation approach is most common among immigrants, as discussed in the passage?
(A) Separation (B) Integration (C) Socialization (D) Assimilation
【題組】40. How did Jaime adapt to his new situation in the United States according to the passage?
(A) By renegotiating his roles and taking on new responsibilities
(B) By maintaining his traditional roles and not changing
(C) By relying on his wife for all household chores
(D) By relying on his children for new knowledge
Passage 2
Google is now a household name. What began as a research project ultimately led to the name
Google being synonymous with efficient web searching. The corporation is also quickly emerging
as a leader in other realms of the online world. The story began when two Stanford University Ph.D.
students Larry Page and Sergey Brin envisioned a different way of searching the web. Search
engine results before Google used to be based solely on the number of times a key word occurred
on a page. Many returned results were irrelevant, which made finding useful information a
cumbersome process. The criteria that Google uses to return results are much more sophisticated. It
not only searches for the word but looks at word placement and also at the links between pages,
known as page rank technology. Results are returned quickly and contain more relevant data.
Revenue for the corporation is provided mainly through the sale of advertisements. Links to
the advertiser’s websites promoting the products are returned in search results. The products are
always related to the search that has been performed, allowing the products to be strategically
promoted to individuals who would be more likely to use or buy the product or service.
In light of corporate management, one novel idea implemented by Google is allowing its
engineers to spend twenty percent of their time on projects of personal interest. This engagement in
personal pursuits had led to the development of some of the corporation’s most well-known
products and services. Besides, all employees have access to a recreation center and luxuries not
often seen in the modern business world where profit is the bottom line. There are washers and
dryers available for use, a massage room, exercise equipment, and video game systems. It is
because this company remains committed to employee satisfaction and a positive work
environment—rarity in today’s profit driven business world. 【題組】41. Why does the writer mention page rank technology?
(A) To illustrate how Google searches are different from those of traditional search engines
(B) To criticize the competition faced by Google to produce search results
(C) To explain what hindered Sergey Brin and Larry Page from developing a new search
engine
(D) To describe Google searches using the frequency of key words to return results
【題組】43. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the second paragraph?
(A) Products that are prompted by Google in the form of returned results are least likely to
be desirable for the user.
(B) When a search is submitted to Google, the sponsored advertisements that are returned
are irrelevant to the search.
(C) Google’s advertisement results are related to the user’s search criteria, meaning users
are more likely to be interested in the goods or service.
(D) Google advertisements are randomly placed on the site, thus promoting interest in the
product or service.
【題組】44. What can be inferred about why Google continues to allow its engineers to spend time on
personal projects?
(A) The corporation wants to increase pressure and stress for its employees.
(B) The practice has proved to be beneficial for the company.
(C) Employees who have this privilege do not use their time productively.
(D) Workers accomplish less during this time than their normal work days.
【題組】45. Which of the following is NOT offered to employees at Google’s recreation center?
(A) Washers and dryers (B) Video games
(C) Exercise equipment (D) Daycare
Passage 3
Fast fashion refers to the rapid production of inexpensive, low-quality clothing that often
mimics popular styles of fashion labels, big-name brands, and independent designers. By endlessly
offering new trends at cheap prices, fast fashion brands such as Shein, Zara, and H&M encourage
consumers to continually buy more clothing. Consequently, previous purchases, perhaps worn a
handful of times, are soon discarded. The rise of the fast fashion industry in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has had enormous consequences, from its myriad environmental impacts to its
exploitation of garment workers.
Fast fashion has significant environmental impacts both during and after production. The
fashion industry as a whole is responsible for 10 percent of carbon emissions, uses large quantities
of water, and employs dyes and chemicals that pollute the environment. It also produces a lot of
textile waste. Fast fashion in particular, with its low prices and poor-quality items, encourages
consumers to discard an item of clothing even if it has been worn only a few times. The clothing
ends up in landfills around the world, including in the so-called “clothing graveyard” in the
Atacama Desert, Chile. Moreover, fast fashion companies primarily use synthetic fibers, such as
polyester, nylon, and acrylic. All of these materials are inexpensive to produce, but they are derived
from fossil fuels. Hence, items made from these materials are not biodegradable and will remain in
landfills for centuries.
In addition to its environmental impacts, fast fashion tends to exploit workers responsible for
its production. Most clothing production is done in postcolonial countries in Africa, Asia, and South
America, where laborers have few protections against long hours and unfair wages. Many work 16
hours every day, make very little money, and face retaliation for refusing to work overtime.
Garment workers also labor in unsafe conditions, including windowless spaces, dangerously high
temperatures, violent managers, and harmful chemical exposure. In 2013 an eight-story building
that housed several garment factories in Savar, Bangladesh, collapsed and killed some 1,100
laborers and injured thousands more. Because the supply chain is incredibly complex, retailers are
mostly unfamiliar with the sourcing and production of their clothing and are therefore unaware of
the conditions workers face to make their products.
The consumer can play a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of fast fashion by practicing
so-called “slow fashion,” which involves purchasing fewer and higher-quality pieces of clothing.
Although more expensive, such clothing can last longer. Once a user is done with a garment, he or
she can donate it instead of discarding in order to help divert textiles from landfills. Although some
donated clothing goes directly to landfills, a lot of the items that are not resold at donation stores are
sent to textile recycling centers, where they are processed into filling for furniture or insulation for
buildings. The overproduction and poor quality of fast fashion, however, has increasingly
challenged donation centers and secondhand clothing shops that struggle to keep up with the
volume of donations and find it difficult to sell inferior products. 【題組】46. What is a “clothing graveyard”?
(A) Where clothes could get revamped (B) Where clothes could be disappeared
(C) Where unwanted garments are dumped (D) Where manufacturers make clothes
【題組】47. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an environmental problem caused by fast fashion?
(A) Chemical pollution (B) Large consumption of water
(C) Loss of biodiversity in nature (D) Overloaded landfills
【題組】48. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
(A) How fast fashion clothes are designed (B) Interesting stories in garment factories
(C) Supply chain of fast fashion (D) Exploitation of production workers
【題組】49. Which challenge do donation centers encounter in dealing with fast fashion clothes?
(A) It helps to divert textiles form landfills.
(B) The quantity and speed overwhelm the centers.
(C) The clothes are only worn a couple of times.
(D) They could be made into insulation materials.
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