69. Radish flowers may be red, purple, or white. A cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant yields
all-purple offspring. The part of the radish we eat may be oval or long, with long being the dominant trait. If true-breeding
red long radishes are crossed with true-breeding white oval radishes, the F1 will be expected to be which of the following?
(A) purple and long (B) purple and oval (C) red and long
(D) white and long (E) red and oval
36. Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange are called _____.
(A) xylem cells (B) stomata (C) phloem cells
(D) cuticle (E) upper epidermis
60. Endothermy is _____.
(A) a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones
(B) a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature
(C) a term equivalent to cold-blooded
(D) a characteristic of mammals but not of birds
(E) seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes
83. Chartgraff's rules for DNA state that:
(A) G+C = 39-46% in mammals
(B) A=T and G=C
(C) the sense strand is a right-handed helix
(D) A=U and G=C
(E) the minor groove is shallower than the major groove
11. Phylogenetic trees are best described as
(A) true and inerrant statements about evolutionary relationships.
(B) the most accurate representations possible of genetic relationships among taxa.
(C) theories of evolution.
(D) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships.
(E) the closest things to absolute certainty that modern systematics can produce.
16. If the genes of a cell's spliceosomes were mutated so the spliceosomes no longer action normally.
Which of the following would occur?
(A) A functional protein would be produced. (B) Transcription would stop.
(C) A primary transcript would not be produced. (D) Translation would stop.
(E) Intron(s) would stay in the mature mRNA.
49. Melatonin can participate in which one of the following items?
(A) Skin pigmentation. (B) Monitoring day length.
(C) Biological rhythms. (D) Reproduction.
(E) All of the above.
50. Based on the gene and protein sequences that follow, what type of mutation-polypeptide effect has
occurred?
Normal gene: ATGGCCGGCCCGAAAGAGACC
Mutated gene: ATGGCCGGCACCGAAAGAGACC
Normal protein: Met-Ala-Gly-Pro-Lys-Glu-Thr
Mutated protein: Met-Ala-Gly-Thr-Glu-Arg-Asp
(A) Base addition-silent. (B) Base addition-none.
(C) Base addition-missense. (D) Base addition-nonsense.
(E) Base addition-synonymous.
53. A drug might act as a stimulant of the somatic nervous system if it
(A) increases the sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane to acetylcholine.
(B) increases the release of substances that cause the hyperpolarization of the neurons.
(C) stimulates the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft.
(D) makes the membrane permanently impermeable to sodium.
(E) increases the sensitivity of the presynaptic membrane to acetylcholine.
58. Bioinformatics is the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of
enormous volumes of biological data. What is the BLAST program in NCBI which has been
described by many biologists as the single most important tool in bioinformatics?
(A) It is the tool to find out ESTs (expressed sequence tags).
(B) It is the tool to figure out the protein-protein interaction.
(C) It is the tool to translate the coding sequence.
(D) It is the tool to align the sequences.
(E) It is the tool to look the protein 3D structure.
25. Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis?
(A) All the cells of the body are about the same size.
(B) Most adult human beings are between 5 and 6 feet tall.
(C) The lungs and intestines have large surface areas for exchange.
(D) When oxygen in the blood decreases, you may feel light-headed.
(E) When blood salt concentration goes up, the kidney expels more salt.
27. Countercurrent exchange in the gills of a fish
(A) maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion.
(B) speeds up the flow of water through the gills.
(C) interferes with the efficient absorption of oxygen.
(D) means that blood and water flow in the same direction.
(E) enables the fish to obtain oxygen while swimming backward.
32. A woman had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspected that a hormonal insufficiency was causing the lining of the uterus
to break down, as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might
help her remain pregnant?
(A) prolactin (B) oxytocin (C) testosterone (D) luteinizing hormone
(E) follicle-stimulating hormone
33. In eukaryotes, what is the active transcription generally associated with?
(A) Euchromatin only (B) Heterochromatin only (C) Highly methylated DNA only
(D)Very tightly packed DNA only (E) Both euchromatin and highly methylated DNA
59. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
(A) Only heterotrophs need to acquire chemical compounds from the environment.
(B) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.
(C) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.
(D) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with nutrients that are entirely inorganic.
(E) Only heterotrophs require oxygen.
60. A _ _ is a membrane-enclosed bag of hydrolytic enzymes that the cell uses to digest macromolecules.
(A) lysosome (B) ribosome (C) macrosome (D) hydrosome (E) peroxisome
63. Of the plant hormones, which one most directly stimulates cell division and delays senescence?
(A) auxin (B) ethylene (C) cytokinin (D) gibberellin (E) abscisic acid
15.若與舒張時相比，骨骼肌在收縮時，肌節 (sarcomere) 中的
(A) A band 變短，I band 長度不變 (B) A band 長度不變，I band 變短
(C) A band 與 I band 皆變短 (D) A band 與 I band 長度皆不變
(E) Z line 之間的距離變長
2. The recombination frequency between gene B and gene C is 11%. The recombination frequency
between gene B and gene D is 5%. The recombination frequency between gene C and gene D is
15%. What would be the arrangement of these genes on a linkage map?
(A) DBC (B) CDB (C) BCD
(D) DCB (E) More information is needed
9. During muscle contraction, within a sarcomere the ______.
(A) thin filaments get thicker
(B) thick filaments move closer together
(C) Z lines move closer together
(D) thick filaments get thicker
(E) Z lines move closer to the plasma membrane
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