第 46 題至第 50 題為題組 Although the epoch of the crusades ignited a genuine economic and cultural revolution in western Europe, in
the Orient these holy wars led to long centuries of decadence and obscurantism. Assaulted from all quarters, the
Muslim world turned in on itself.Henceforth modernism became alien. Should cultural and religious identity be
affirmed by rejecting this modernism, which the West symbolized? Or, on the contrary, should the road of
modernization be embarked upon with resolution, thus risking loss of identity? Neither Iran, nor Turkey, nor the
Arab world has ever succeeded in resolving this dilemma. Even today we can observe a lurching alternation
between phases of forced westernization and phases of extremist, strongly xenophobic traditionalism.
The Arab world—simultaneously fascinated and terrified by these Franj [Franks], whom they encountered as
barbarians,but whom subsequently managed to dominate the earth—cannot bring itself to consider the crusades a
mere episode in the bygone past. It is often surprising to discover the extent to which the attitude of the Arabs (and
of Muslims in general) towards the West is still influenced, even today, by events that supposedly ended some
seven centuries ago
【題組】46 The crusades had a negative impact on the Muslim world, and this idea is suggested by the word _____ in the
passage.
(A) genuine
(B) revolution
(C) holy
(D) decadence