請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題: We all probably know someone who is intelligent, but does surprisingly stupid things. What does it mean to be smart
or intelligent?Our everyday use of the term is meant to describe someone who is knowledgeable and makes wise
decisions, but this definition is at odds with how intelligence is traditionally measured. The most widely known
measure of intelligence is the intelligence quotient, more commonly known as the IQ test, which includes visuospatial
puzzles, math problems, pattern recognition, vocabulary questions, and visual searches.
The advantages of being intelligent are undeniable. Intelligent people are more likely to get better grades and go
farther in school. They are more likely to be successful at work. And they are less likely to get into trouble(e.g.,
commit crimes)as adolescents. Given all the advantages of intelligence, though, you may be surprised to learn that it
does not predict other life outcomes, such as well-being. You might imagine that doing well in school or at work might
lead to greater life satisfaction, but several large scale studies have failed to find evidence that IQ impacts life
satisfaction or longevity. Grossman and his colleagues argue that most intelligence tests fail to capture real-world
decision-making and our ability to interact well with others. This is, in other words, perhaps why “smart” people, do
“dumb” things.
The ability to think critically, on the other hand, has been associated with wellness and longevity. Though often
confused with intelligence, critical thinking is not intelligence. Critical thinking is a collection of cognitive skills that
allow us to think rationally in a goal-orientated fashion, and a disposition to use those skills when appropriate. Critical
thinkers are amiable skeptics. They are flexible thinkers who require evidence to support their beliefs and recognize
fallacious attempts to persuade them. Critical thinking means overcoming all sorts of cognitive biases.
【題組】46 According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about IQ?
(A) The traditional IQ test does not accurately measure the degree to which a person can make wise decisions.
(B) The traditional IQ test includes verbal and mathematical questions but not visual processing tasks.
(C) The acronym IQ stands for Intelligent Quotient; it measures a person's critical thinking.
(D) A person with a high IQ score is more likely to have a satisfactory life.