高中(學測,指考)◆英文自由測驗(難度:隨機)-阿摩線上測驗

阿摩：只有想不到的事，沒有做不到的事。

8分

(1 分38 秒)

模式:自由測驗
科目:高中(學測,指考)◆英文
難度:隨機

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1(C).

1. Mangoes are a _____ fruit here in Taiwan； most of them reach their peak of sweetness in July.
(A) mature
(B) usual
(C) seasonal
(D) particular

2(B).

5. ______ the photos with dates and keywords help you sort them easily in your file.
(A) Tagging
(B) Flocking
(C) Rolling
(D) Snapping

3(B).

4. The roasting heat and high ______ made me feel hot and sticky, no matter what I did to cool off.
(A) density
(B) humidity
(C) circulation
(D) atmosphere

4(C).

12. It is absolutely _____ to waste your money on an expensive car when you cannot even get a driver’s license.
(A) absurd
(B) cautious
(C) vigorous
(D) obstinate

5(D).

7. Recent research has found lots of evidence to _____ the drug company’s claims about its “miracle” tablets for curing cancer.
(A) provoke
(B) counter
(C) expose
(D) convert

6(　).

第 39 至 42 題為題組

Monopoly is a very popular board game around the world today, but little is known about its American inventor, Elizabeth Magie, and the philosophy behind her invention.

Born in 1866, Magie was a rebel against the norms and politics of her times. Inspired by Henry George who believed that all men should have an equal right to use the land as they have to breathe air, she challenged the capitalist system of property ownership—in the form of a board game. In 1904, she patented her Landlord’s Game, which consisted of a circuit of streets and landmarks for sale.
Magie’s game contained two sets of rules: The Prosperity rules and the Monopolist rules. The Prosperity rules stated that every player should gain each time someone acquired a new property. The game was won (by all!) when the player starting with the least money doubled his or her fortune. Under Monopolist rules, on the other hand, each player advanced by acquiring properties and collecting rent from all who landed there later. Whoever managed to bankrupt the other players won the game. The purpose of the dual sets of rules, said Magie, was for players to understand how these different approaches to property can lead to different social outcomes: “all win” or “win all.”
The game soon became a hit on college campuses and among Quaker communities, and some people modified the game board. An unemployed player named Charles Darrow sold this modified version to the manufacturer Parker Brothers as his own. However, when the game’s true origin came to light, Parker Brothers bought the patent from Magie for only $500. They then re-launched the game as Monopoly, including only the rules leading to the triumph of one over all. Darrow was publicized as the inventor who had become a millionaire from selling the game. Thus a rags-to-riches myth was created, ironically exemplifying Monopoly’s implicit values: Chase wealth and crush your opponents if you want to come out on top.

【題組】41. What does “a rags-to-riches myth” refer to in the last paragraph?
(A) A modified version of Monopoly.
(B) Darrow’s success after selling the game.
(C) Parker Brothers’ purchase of Magie’s patent.
(D) The popularity of the game on college campuses.

7(　).

五、閱讀測驗

第 35 至 38 題為題組

The Swiss army knife is a popular device that is recognized all over the world. In Switzerland, there is a saying that every good Swiss citizen has one in his or her pocket. But the knife had humble beginnings.

In the late nineteenth century, the Swiss army issued its soldiers a gun that required a special screwdriver to dismantle and clean it. At the same time, canned food was becoming common in the army. Swiss generals decided to issue each soldier a standard knife to serve both as a screwdriver and a can opener.

It was a lifesaver for Swiss knife makers, who were struggling to compete with cheaper German imports. In 1884, Carl Elsener, head of the Swiss knife manufacturer Victorinox, seized that opportunity with both hands, and designed a soldier’s knife that the army loved. It was a simple knife with one big blade, a can opener, and a screwdriver.

A few years after the soldier’s knife was issued, the “Schweizer Offizier Messer,” or Swiss Officer’s Knife, came on the market. Interestingly, the Officer’s Knife was never given to those serving in the army. The Swiss military purchasers considered the new model with a corkscrew for opening wine not “essential for survival,” so officers had to buy this new model by themselves. But its special multi-functional design later launched the knife as a global brand. After the Second World War, a great number of American soldiers were stationed in Europe. And as they could buy the Swiss army knife at shops on military bases, they bought huge quantities of them. However, it seems that “Schweizer Offizier Messer” was too difficult for them to say, so they just called it the Swiss army knife, and that is the name it is now known by all over the world.

【題組】37. Why did the Swiss army NOT purchase the Swiss Officer’s Knife?
(A) The design of the knife was too simple.
(B) The knife was sold out to American soldiers.
(C) The army had no budget to make the purchase.
(D) The new design was not considered necessary for officers to own.

8(　).

第 53 至 56 題為題組
Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park geared mainly toward mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.
The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010. Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.
Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom- designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email.
In June 2017, Morgan’s Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgan’s Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can transfer out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs. “Morgan taught me that there’s more to life in many ways than what I saw before,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.”
【題組】55. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a fun activity in the park?
(A) Fishing.
(B) Driving.
(C) Hiking.
(D) Picnicking.

9(　).

第21 至 30 題為題組

Robert Stroud (1890－1963) was an American prisoner who reared and sold birds and became an ornithologist while in prison. He became known as the “Birdman of Alcatraz.” Despite this 21 , he actually kept birds only at Leavenworth Prison, before he was transferred to Alcatraz.

Stroud is one of the most notorious criminals in American history. He was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to death by hanging in 1916. His mother desperately 22 for his life. Finally, in 1920, President Woodrow Wilson changed his death sentence to life 23 without parole. But because of Stroud’s unpredictable and violent outbursts, the warden directed that Stroud be placed in a 24 unit to live out his sentence in total isolation.

While at Leavenworth (1912－1942), Stroud developed a 25 interest in birds after finding an injured sparrow in the prison yard. He was given a special right to 26 birds and maintain a lab inside his two prison cells. It was felt that this activity would allow for productive use of his time. As a result of this 27 , Stroud was able to author two books on canaries and their diseases. He had raised nearly 300 birds in his cells, carefully studying their habits and physiology. He even developed and marketed medicines for various kinds of bird 28 . Although it is widely debated whether the remedies he developed were 29 , Stroud was able to make scientific observations that would later benefit research on the canary species.

In 1942, Stroud was transferred to Alcatraz. He spent the next seventeen years there, but was not allowed to keep pets. While there, he wrote two more manuscripts, but these were never published because it was 30 by the prison authorities. In 1963, he died in a medical center in Missouri.

(AB) keen (AC) breed (AD) release (AE) banned (BC) supportive (BD) imprisonment (BE) illness (CD) separated (CE) nickname (DE) effective (ABC) pleaded (ABD) privilege

【題組】22

10(　).

五、閱讀測驗（占 3 2分）說明︰第36題至51題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請劃記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得2分；答錯、未作答或劃記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第 36 至 39 題為題組
Located in Black Canyon straddling the border between Nevada and Arizona in the southwestern region of the United States, Hoover Dam is named one of the Top 10 Construction Achievements of the 20th century. The dam, constructed between 1931 and 1936, was the largest of its kind at the time. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers and cost over one hundred lives.
Since about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water, and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, the US Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by Six Companies, Inc. However, such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The extreme summer heat and lack of facilities near the site also presented tremendous difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned over the finished dam to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule.
The initial design of the dam, which was more concerned with the dam’s functionality than its exterior, was criticized by many as being too plain and unremarkable for a project of such immense scale. So Gordon B. Kaufmann, the architect who was brought in to redesign the exterior, greatly streamlined the design and applied an elegant Art Deco style to the entire project. Allen Tupper True, an American illustrator, was also hired to handle the design and decoration of the walls and floors of the new dam. He integrated into his design the images and colors based on Native American visions of rain, lightning, clouds, and animals, thereby creating symbolic patterns which appear both ancient and modern.
Today, Hoover Dam has become a national historic landmark. Standing at more than 725 feet above the Colorado River, the highest concrete dam in the Western Hemisphere continues to draw crowds 85 years after its creation, attracting more than a million visitors a year.
【題組】38. According to the passage, what did Six Companies, Inc. experience in the process of building the dam?
(A) It was defeated by the harsh working conditions.
(B) It lost some workers in the construction of the dam.
(C) It benefited from prior experience of building dams of similar scale.
(D) It gave up the project authorized by the government before the deadline.

11(　).

三、文意選填

Today, we all know that we should wash our hands to stop the 27 of disease. But this idea was not always accepted by 28 in the past. In 1846, Ignaz Semmelweis worked in a hospital. At that time, childbirth was dangerous for women. Many women had a deadly infection 29 childbed fever after giving birth. Everyone was afraid 30 it, and nobody knew what caused it. Ignaz 31 that doctors often did autopsies before helping with childbirth while the midwives never did this. He 32 to suspect that the infection was spread from dead bodies through touch. He ordered hospital workers to wash their hands after autopsies. Soon, the rate of childbed fever dropped 33 the hospital. However, when Ignaz told other doctors about the importance of washing hands, they didn’t agree. Back then, they had not even discovered 34 yet. The doctors thought that washing hands had nothing to do with avoiding infection. Ignaz got angry with people’s responses. He was so rude to those 35 disagreed with him that he got himself fired. He ended up in a mental hospital, 36 he died two weeks later from an infection like the one that had cost him his career.

(AB) who (AC) scientists (AD) where (AE) called (BC) of (BD) spread (BE) throughout (CD) noticed (CE) began (DE) germs

【題組】33.

12(　).

三、文意選填說明：第31題至第40題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的選項中分別選出最適當者，並將其英文字母代號劃記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得1分；答錯、未作答或劃記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。
第 31 至 40 題為題組
If you cannot find ways to fit exercise into your busy daily schedule, don’t worry! Exercise doesn’t always have to be laborious. Research shows that 31 amounts of exercise—even just 15 minutes a day—helps ease depression, enhance self-image, relieve stress, and much more. That’s right. Doing exercise makes you happy, and you don’t have to be a fitness 32 to do it. What you need to do is to make “start slow and have fun” a motto to 33 . Then you’ll be well on your way to using physical activity as a tool to make you feel better every day.
The “no pain, no gain” view of exercise is now considered old-fashioned. In fact, 34 health studies prove that exercise doesn’t have to hurt to be effective. You might 35 that if working out doesn’t give you pain, it isn’t working. According to fitness trainers, physically 36 exercises may make you breathe heavily and your muscles may ache temporarily, but exercise should not be painful. In fact, if it is, it may 37 an injury or muscle strain. Many great forms of exercise—like walking, swimming, or gentle stretching—get results without the 38 or discomfort some people associate with exercise.
For the sake of your health, it is time to make regular exercise a part of your life. Keep in mind that even short periods of low-impact exercise serve as a powerful 39 to improve your health. So, no matter how busy you are, try to 40 for exercise every day, like a 15-minute walk with your dog. Your body will thank you in many ways.

(AB) means (AC) soreness (AD) point to
(AE) argue (BC) demanding (BD) abide by
(BE) fanatic (CD) current (CE) make time (DE) modest
【題組】36.

13(　).

【題組】40.

14(　).

第48 至 51 題為題組

In 2015, President Obama of the USA signed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), replacing the Bush-era No Child Left Behind (NCLB) that had been in effect since 2001. This new Act provides states with more decision-making power regarding curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Below are some bigpicture ideas influencing many states as they approach the assessment task.

One important idea is flexibility. For years, states have used standardized K-12 assessments, similar to the SAT and ACT for college application, to measure student achievement. They are easy to use, but they fail to give a complete picture of how a student is progressing. Thus, states are rethinking one-sizefits-all standardized assessments and are instead considering personalized, student-centered assessments in schools. Obviously, the task is difficult and time-consuming. Fortunately, modern technology can help solve this dilemma. For instance, computer adaptive assessments can automatically adjust questions based on a student’s performances on the previous questions. This mechanism prevents the computer from giving questions that are obviously too easy or too difficult for the student. It thus allows teachers to quickly assess a student’s level of understanding and provide instant feedback to help in the learning process.

Another idea is multi-subject testing. Several states have started to incorporate subjects beyond the traditional math and reading items in their K-12 assessments. All 50 states include tests on science at least twice prior to senior high school, and some are now starting to include social studies, government, or economics. Some states are also moving toward assessing multiple subjects on one test, for example, reading and social studies.

A third idea is the emphasis on students’ learning process. In pursuit of a student-centered approach, many states are putting more emphasis on assessments throughout the learning process rather than on traditional end-of-year summative tests. Teachers are encouraged to accumulate data at different points in their students’ learning process. These data together present a more complete picture of a student’s learning.

The last idea regards the purpose of assessment. Assessment should be used to inform both teachers’ instruction and students’ learning. Teachers can modify their teaching based on students’ performance on tests; students can identify their own problems and make plans for improvement.

【題組】50. Which of the following is an emerging new subject in the ESSA assessment?
(A) Math.
(B) Reading.
(C) Science.
(D) Economics.

15(　).

第 43 至 46 題為題組

For decades, India’s time zone has been a hotly debated issue. Back in 1884 when time zones were officially established, two time zones were used—Bombay Time and Calcutta Time. Indian Standard Time (IST) was introduced in 1906, but Calcutta Time and Bombay Time continued to be maintained after India’s independence in 1947, until 1948 and 1955 respectively. The current single time zone, though a legacy of British rule, is often viewed as a symbol of unity. Yet, not everyone thinks it is a good idea.

India stretches 3,000 km from east to west, spanning roughly 30 degrees longitude. This corresponds to a two-hour difference in mean solar time, based on the position of the sun in the sky. Thus, the sun rises nearly two hours earlier in the east than in India’s far west. In Northeastern states, sunrise can be as early as 4 a.m. in summer and sunset by 4 p.m. in winter, much earlier than the official working hours. This results in great loss of daylight hours and more consumption of electricity, and often reduced productivity.

Meanwhile, recent studies point out that the current system leads to a serious problem in education for some students. Nationwide, the school day starts at roughly the same time； thus, children go to bed later and have reduced sleep in west India, where the sun sets later. Such sunset-induced sleep deprivation is more pronounced among the poor, mostly due to their noisy environment and lack of sleep-inducing facilities like window shades or indoor beds. On average, an hour’s delay in sunset time reduces children’s sleep by 30 minutes, and an hour’s delay in annual average sunset time reduces education by about 0.8 years. As a result, children living in locations with later sunsets are less likely to complete primary and middle school education.

Despite various requests and proposals for multiple time zones, the government is keen to retain the current system. Reasons provided include prevention of confusion and safety issues regarding railway and flight operations.

【題組】45. According to the passage, which of the following is a supporting argument for multiple time zones?
(A) The number of traffic accidents can be reduced.
(B) Children may have better-quality sleep and education.
(C) India may have more energy resources to generate electricity.
(D) The country may rid itself of the impact of British colonization.

16(　).

第 53 至 56 題為題組
Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.
The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17.
Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.
This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger. The barking of the hound, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second- long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.
RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include static barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but “the noises will not be blared in areas where people live beside the tracks.”
【題組】56. What does the author mean by “the unforgiving nature of tons of onrushing rolling stock” in thethird paragraph?
(A) The heavy weight of iron materials.
(B) The cruelty of a barking hound.
(C) The battle between deer and other animals.
(D) The danger of a fast-moving train.

17(　).

第 48 至 51 題為題組
In finance, an exchange rate is the rate at which one country’s currency is exchanged for the currency of another. The rate is set according to the respective values of the currencies to be exchanged. Before World War I, most currencies were evaluated by the Gold Standard. That is, paper currency issued by a government represented a real amount of gold held by that government. For example, in the 1930s, the British government owned about 8 times as much gold as the U.S. government. Therefore, 1 ounce of gold was worth 4.24 GBP (United Kingdom pound sterling) or 35 USD (U.S. dollars). The difference in the price of gold became the exchange rate for the two currencies: 1GBP was worth 8.25 USD.
The Gold Standard started to break down during the Second World War, when European powers printed more money than they had in gold reserves in order to fund military projects. After World War II, the Bretton Woods System was established. The U.S. dollar was chosen as the international reserve currency for trading. Every country knew how much gold a USD was worth, and thus they based the value of their currencies on the USD. All countries were expected to maintain a fixed exchange rate, but were permitted to change it in extraordinary times, such as a recession or inflation.
Unfortunately, this system could not keep pace with the fast-changing global economy. As the U.S. increased its military spending, foreign aid, and international investment in the 1960s, it no longer held gold reserves necessary to cover the volume of USD circulation around the world. Other major currencies thus became more valuable and stable compared to the USD, and the Bretton Woods System was finally abolished in 1971.
In 1976, the Jamaica Agreement formalized the floating exchange rate system that continues to this day. The value of a country’s currency may vary according to the supply and demand of the foreign exchange market. Countries around the world can also allow their central banks to determine their own exchange rate.
【題組】48. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the Gold Standard?
(A) It showed the importance of gold for currency exchange.
(B) It reflected the dominance of the U.S. economy in the world.
(C) It demonstrated how rich countries manipulated exchange rates.
(D) It decided that the GBP was worth less than the USD in the 1930s.

18(　).

第 40 至 43 題為題組
Storm chasing is broadly defined as the pursuit of any severe weather condition, for reasons ranging from curiosity, adventure, and scientific exploration to media coverage.
Chasing often involves driving thousands of miles in order to witness a relatively short window of time of severe weather. It is not uncommon for a storm chaser to end up empty-handed on any particular day. Most storm chasers are not professional meteorologists, and many chasers devote significant time and effort to learning meteorology, the study of the atmosphere, and the weather forming process. The amount of equipment used for storm chasing also varies. Some prefer a minimalist approach where only basic photographic equipment is taken on a chase, while others use everything from satellite-based tracking systems and live data feeds to vehicle-mounted weather stations and hail guards.
There are inherent dangers involved in pursuing hazardous weather. These range from lightning and tornadoes to unsafe road conditions and reduced visibility from heavy rain. In some situations, a severe downburst airstream can happen unexpectedly and push automobiles around. Tornadoes affect a relatively small area and are predictable enough to be avoided if a safe distance is maintained. Lightning, however, is an unavoidable hazard. “Core punching,” which is storm chasers’ slang for driving through the part of a thunderstorm that has the heaviest rain to collect critical information, is recognized as extremely hazardous.
Today, interest in storm chasing has surged. Amateurs and YouTube fame seekers with video cameras now race with professionals to see who can get the closest and most dramatic images of churning storms, and this is causing a growing safety threat. A group of storm-chase veterans has advocated the adoption of a code of ethics emphasizing safety, courtesy, and objectivity. However, many chasers oppose self-policing, as is often the case with people involved in other dangerous leisure activities.
【題組】43. What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Storm chasing has yet to draw a lot of media attention.
(B) Most meteorologists have the experience of tornado chasing.
(C) Codes of ethics are followed in many other adventurous activities.
(D) Some veterans believe that rules of conduct can lower the risk of storm chasing.

19(　).

第 43 至 46 題為題組

Crash testing for vehicles is very important in helping minimize deaths, injuries, and property damage from vehicle crashes. One unit of the U.S. government responsible for ensuring the correct undertaking of this task is the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), a nonprofit, independent scientific body and educational organization. Another branch of government, the Highway Loss Data Institute, supports the mission of the IIHS. Auto insurers also support both organizations.

There are multiple kinds of crash tests for vehicle safety undertaken to provide the necessary information and guidance to vehicle owners. Some examples are frontal impact tests, offset tests, side impact tests, and rollover tests. The front-crash test accelerates a car straight into a solid concrete barrier. The scenario mimics what would happen if two cars crash head-on or a single vehicle crashes into a fixed object. An offset test requires only a portion of the front of the car to impact the barrier or a vehicle. It is important since impact forces in this kind of test remain the same as those with the frontal impact test, but only a small portion of the car absorbs all the force of the impact.

A side impact test simulates a car that is crossing an intersection being hit on the side by a car running a red light. The test is very important since side impact accidents in vehicles result in a high fatality rate. This happens because cars usually do not have a significant crumple zone on the side to cushion all the impact forces before the occupant is injured. A rollover test verifies the car’s ability to support itself, especially from the pillars supporting the roof, during a dynamic impact.

A lot of crash test programs are practiced around the world and provide necessary safety performance data based on real-world conditions.

【題組】43. Which of the following is the mission of IIHS?
(A) Car crash investigations.
(B) Vehicle crash testing.
(C) Property damage compensation.
(D) Independent research on insurance policies.

20(　).

第 21 至 30 題為題組

Water makes up more than half of our body weight. To sustain this amount of fluid in our bodies, plain water is considered our best choice, for it contains no sugar and no calories. Yet, is water always the healthiest drink we can 21 ? Well, it depends on who and where we are, and what we’re doing.

Obviously, a physically 22 person with an outdoor job under the sun will need to drink more fluid than a desk-bound person who lives and works in an air-conditioned place. But there’s more to it than that. When a person sweats, he loses water and salt, so he needs to replace both. Replacing lost fluid with just plain water means the body has too much water and not enough salt. To 23 things out, the body will get rid of water by producing urine. For this reason, milk can actually be more 24 than drinking water. Milk naturally contains salt and lactose, a sugar which the human body needs in small amounts to help stimulate water 25 . Coconut water, which contains salt and carbohydrates, is also more functional than water at restoring and maintaining a normal fluid 26 after exercise.

For the average person, however, water remains a very good 27 for keeping hydrated—if you know how to drink it. The secret is: Never wait until the body is telling you you’re thirsty, since there must already have been significant changes in your body for it to eventually 28 your consciousness. At that point, it might be well past the best moment to take in fluid. Also, drinking a lot of liquid in one go can cause more water to 29 the body quickly and come out as urine. To 30 this, you need to drink water throughout the day to maintain your hydration levels.

【題組】30 (AB) absorption (AC) active (AD) alert (AE) combat (BC) option (BD) effective (BE) even (CD) status (CE) pass through (DE) reach for

21(　).

二、綜合測驗（占 1 0分）說明︰第11題至第20題為單選題，每題1分。

第 11 至 15 題為題組

Mystery shoppers are paid consumers who are hired to shop in stores and collect data. They are sent to a wide variety of service-based businesses, including stores, restaurants, and banks—potentially anywhere customers are served. Sometimes referred to as secret shoppers, mystery shoppers__11__ regular customers to purchase items, eat in restaurants, make inquiries, or return items. They grade and report on the quality of products, customer service, and environment of the stores __12__ they are assigned.

When evaluating a business, mystery shoppers have to follow certain standard procedures to avoid __13__ . They are often given a checklist that provides directions on what to observe or look out for to ensure consistency. Sometimes these shoppers collect data about their “normal” observations, such as cleanliness of the store or timeliness of the service. They may also pretend to be __14__ customers, arguing with a salesperson without a good reason. With the data they collect, mystery shoppers can identify areas for __15__ and thereby help enhance the quality of products and services. In this way, these secret shoppers may help a business gain a competitive edge.

【題組】11.
(A) call for
(B) pose as
(C) attend to
(D) engage in

22(　).

三、文意選填（占 1 0分）說明：第21題至第30題為單選題，每題1分。

第 21 至 30 題為題組

On a hilltop overlooking the 2011-tsunami hit Otsuchi Town in northeastern Japan, there is a white phone booth standing all alone in the wind. The lonely “wind phone” serves to connect family members to their __21__ loved ones who died in the tsunami that claimed 18,000 lives. People come to speak to those they have lost, to say the words they never got to say on that __22__ day.

The idea for the wind phone was first __23__ by a Japanese garden designer named Itaru Sasaki, who was grieving over the death of his cousin in 2010, before the tsunami. Feeling that he needed a private space to help him navigate through the __24__ , Sasaki positioned a booth where he could “speak” to the dead relative. The booth he built __25__ only an old dial phone with a disconnected phone line. When he stepped into the booth, he could pick up the phone to call his cousin, telling him how he was, and how he missed him. Sasaki stated in an interview: “Because my thoughts couldn’t be __26__ through a regular phone line, I wanted them to be carried on the wind.” Hence, the wind phone allows Sasaki to create a oneway conversation with deep, soulful personal meaning, and renders the grieving process more __27__ for him.

Sasaki opened his wind phone to the public in 2011, after the devastating tsunami. News about the phone gradually spread, and the booth has become a __28__ between the living and the dead. Phones resembling the wind phone have since been built around the world. Some were even set up to allow people to call their loved ones lost in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Grieving is a natural __29__ for coping with loss of a loved one, and people grieve in various ways. For those who speak into the wind phone, __30__ is always there: They believe that their messages will— through some unknown way—reach the deceased.

(AB) passed on (AC) bridge (AD) sorrow (AE) hope (BC) departed (BD) mechanism (BE) housed (CD) manageable (CE) fateful (DE) brought forth

【題組】23 (AB) passed on (AC) bridge (AD) sorrow (AE) hope (BC) departed (BD) mechanism (BE) housed (CD) manageable (CE) fateful (DE) brought forth

23(　).

第 21 至 30 題為題組

Generally there are two ways to name typhoons: the number-based convention and the list-based convention. Following the number-based convention, typhoons are coded with __21__ types of numbers such as a 4-digit or a 6-digit code. For example, the 14th typhoon in 2003 can be labeled either as Typhoon 0314 or Typhoon 200314. The __22__ of this convention, however, is that a number is hard to remember. The list-based convention, on the other hand, is based on the list of typhoon names compiled in advance by a committee, and is more widely used.

At the very beginning, only __23__ names were used because at that time typhoons were named after girlfriends or wives of the experts on the committee. In 1979, however, male names were also included because women protested against the original naming __24__ for reasons of gender equality.

In Asia, Western names were used until 2000 when the committee decided to use Asian names to __25__ Asians’ awareness of typhoons. The names were chosen from a name pool __26__ of 140 names, 10 each from the 14 members of the committee. Each country has its unique naming preferences. Korea and Japan __27__ animal names and China likes names of gods such as Longwang (dragon king) and Fengshen (god of the wind).

After the 140 names are all used in order, they will be __28__. But the names can be changed. If a member country suffers great damage from a certain typhoon, it can __29__ that the name of the typhoon be deleted from the list at the annual committee meeting. For example, the names of Nabi by South Korea, and Longwang by China were __30__ with other names in 2007. The deletion of both names was due to the severe damage caused by the typhoons bearing the names.

(AB) request (AC) favor (AD) disadvantage (AE) composed (BC) recycled (BD) practice (BE) replaced (CD) raise (CE) various (DE) female

【題組】21.

24(　).

【題組】29.

25(　).

第 16 至 20 題為題組
Goose bumps are one of those fight-or-flight reactions of the sympathetic nervous system. When you experience cold or fear, a nerve reaction is sent to the muscles, which then contract involuntarily. This muscle contraction causes your body hair to stand erect. The skin with standing body hair __16__ a goose’s skin after its feathers have been plucked—hence the name goose bumps.
But __17__ is this helpful to us as a response to fear or cold? Back in the days when our ancestors may have had a lot more body hair, this might have helped to keep them warm or scare an oncoming predator. These days, however, goose bumps are __18__ to human beings. Goose bumps, or the reflex that causes them, also occur in many other mammals. Many mammals fluff up their fur when __19__ , to look bigger and thus more dangerous. For example, when a porcupine encounters a predator, its long sharp pointed hairs will stand up as a means of __20__ . In animals with a thick hair coat, the rising of hair traps more air between the hairs, providing another layer of insulation to keep them warm.
【題組】19.
(A) threaten
(B) threatening
(C) threatened
(D) to threaten

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