請依下文回答第 26 題至第 30 題：
        On June 23, 2016, the UK held a nationwide vote to decide whether to remain in or leave the EuropeanUnion (EU). The question posed to voters was simple: “Should the United Kingdom remain a member of theEuropean Union or leave the European Union?” The Brexit referendum was the __26__ of years of debateand division over the UK’s relationship with the EU, touching on issues of national sovereignty, immigration,and economic policy. The campaign leading up to this referendum was __27__ charged, with the “Leave”side resolutely arguing that leaving the EU would allow the UK to regain control over its laws, borders, andtrade policies. The “Remain” side, on the contrary, forcefully asserted that leaving the EU would lead toeconomic uncertainty, damage trade relationships, and __28__ the UK’s influence on the global stage. Theresult of the referendum was a __29__ victory for the “Leave” side, with 51.9% of voters choosing to leavethe EU, compared to 48.1% who voted to remain. The __30__ of the referendum sent shockwaves throughthe UK and Europe, leading to the prime minister’s resignation and setting off years of complex negotiationsbetween the UK and the EU on the terms of the withdrawal.

請依下文回答第 31 題至第 35 題：
        Václav Havel was a playwright and dissident who became the first president of Czechoslovakia after thefall of communism. He gave a talk to the U.S. Congress on February 21, 1990, entitled “The Responsibility ofIntellectuals,” a powerful speech that still resonates with audiences worldwide nowadays. In this speech, Havelspoke about the moral and intellectual responsibilities of individuals in positions of influence, especially intimes of political upheaval. He emphasized the importance of truth, moral integrity, and the role of intellectualsin shaping a just society. This speech came at a pivotal moment in history, as the Iron Curtain was falling andEastern European countries were transitioning from totalitarian regimes to democracies. His words underscoredthe need for global solidarity, human rights, and the rule of law in building a new world order.
         Havel’s address had a profound impact not only on the U.S. Congress but also on the broader internationalcommunity. It reinforced the idea that the fall of communism was not just a political victory but also a moraland ethical triumph. Havel’s call for intellectuals to engage actively in public life and to hold governmentsaccountable for their actions resonated with many, inspiring a renewed commitment to democracy and humanrights. His words continue to be relevant today, reminding us of the enduring need for moral leadership and thepower of truth in confronting oppression and corruption.

請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題：
        In the modern context of global security, the role of defense law has become increasingly vital. Defenselaw encompasses both domestic legal issues and international regulations, particularly in areas such as wartimetreaties, international human rights law, and the application of international humanitarian law. As internationalscrutiny of wartime conduct has intensified, the legal review of military actions has become a crucial aspect ofdefense law.
        Today, whether in traditional armed conflicts or in the realm of cyber warfare, defense law departmentsare responsible for ensuring that all military operations comply with international and domestic laws. This notonly includes the laws of war but also extends to peacetime regulations that govern military conduct. The legalteams must evaluate the legality of operations before they commence, providing advisory opinions on the useof force, rules of engagement, and the protection of civilians.
        International Humanitarian Law (IHL), often referred to as the laws of war, plays a central role in defenselaw. IHL aims to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting those who do not participate in the hostilities,such as civilians, and by restricting the means and methods of warfare. Defense lawyers must ensure thatmilitary operations do not violate these principles, as breaches can lead to severe consequences, including warcrimes charges.
        Furthermore, the evolving nature of warfare, with the rise of non-state actors and cyber threats, hasintroduced new challenges for defense law practitioners. They must navigate complex legal landscapes wherethe boundaries of law are often tested. For instance, cyber operations, which can cause significant damagewithout physical violence, raise questions about the application of existing international law. Defense lawexperts must determine whether such operations constitute acts of war and how they fit within the current legalframework.
        As the threats to global security become more diverse, the field of defense law continues to expand,encompassing areas such as space law and the legal implications of autonomous weapons systems. Theimportance of this field cannot be overstated, as it helps to maintain the delicate balance between militarynecessity and humanitarian considerations, ensuring that the pursuit of national security does not come at theexpense of fundamental human rights.