請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題

Upon arresting a suspect, the police often uses handcuffs to put the subject in control. Using this device properly is vitalbecause it will not only protect nearby officers but also make it difficult for the suspect to escape. Nevertheless, as aretired policeman from Chicago Police Department points out, the quality of handcuffing instructions in local policedepartments and training academies__ 46__  not consistent. As a result, some cadets and officers do not know aneffective way to apply handcuffs or why this handcuffing method is so effective.

According to the retiree, effective handcuffing includes the following procedures. First, police officers should handcuffthe subject behind the back __47__ cuffing in front is required for a legitimate cause, such as a transport. Next,officers should cuff the subject’s palms facing outward and place the cuffs on the subject’s wrists. In this way, theofficers can__48__ the subject’s hand dexterity. Humans can usually use their hands in a coordinated manner whentheir palms face each other. Turning them outward greatly reduces that ability. Furthermore, the positioning of the handsand and__49__ of the cuffs can limit the subject’s access to the keyways of the cuffs. With palms facing out and cuffs onthe wrists, the subject can__50__ get their fingers near the locking mechanism.

Addiction has become one of our society's most pressing problems and most tragic illnesses. Every year, it tears away at the heart of millions of families and creeps closer to children's doorstep. What __51__ affect only those who could afford indulgence, now affects the world at large. The human soul yearns__52__love and acceptance and the mind often thinks we need to alter ourselves in order to achieve that. Addiction __53__ any nature is spiritual bankruptcy. By and large, people who are addicted are very spiritual. The successful results of the Twelve Step Program, which is based on a connection to a Higher Power, prove just that. Sensitive people have a very difficult time __54__ the heartbreak in our world. In the midst of all the confusion and injury, substance is used in order to numb feelings. Therefore, once __55__ to recover, the ability to identify one's feelings is vitally important.

 Preventing migrant smuggling by sea requires states to balance their obligations in international law with their legitimate interests in protecting state sovereignty 56 violation by organized crime groups. But law enforcement efforts 57 are not adequate to prevent migrant smuggling by sea; the Migrant Smuggling Protocol stresses that prevention efforts must address root causes that lead a person into the hands of 58 in the first place. 

 Suggestions are also made to raise awareness of those who influence political and policy decisions, so policies put in place protect state sovereignty, uphold international obligations, and are not 59 to exploitation by smugglers. Also emphasized is the responsibility of coastal states of departure to intercept smuggling vessels before they embark on 60 journeys. Beyond this, comprehensive data collection, analysis and research are suggested to strengthen evidence‐based responses.