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二、英文作文：（15 分）森林大火通常難以短時間撲滅，舉例而言，2021 年玉山國家公園杜鵑營地發生火警，火勢延燒近 71 公頃，花了 12 天搶救才完全撲滅。請寫一篇文長約 250 字的短文，文分兩段，第一段說明高山森林大火為何難以撲滅，第二段說明可能有效撲滅森林大火的方式。
一、中譯英：（10 分）火災可能造成最嚴重的後果之一，是它不僅會削弱原先底層土壤有機質的固碳功能，甚至還造成溫室氣體排放增加，進一步加劇氣候變遷，進入「火災－氣候反饋循環」而導致更多火災。
三、Viết văn:（30 分）
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請依下文回答第 56 題至第 60 題 Firefighters confront an array of perils each time they respond to an emergency summons, jeopardizing their lives to rescue individuals and safeguard property. Foremost among these hazards is the searing heat and fury of a large fire. These infernos can reach temperatures surpassing 1,000 degrees Celsius, presenting a grave peril of burns, heat exhaustion, and inhalation of noxious fumes. In addition to the physical risks posed by flames, firefighters must contend with unpredictable structural collapses, as burning buildings deteriorate and crumble suddenly. These architectural hazards can trap and injure firefighters, transforming an already dangerous situation into a life-and-death threat. Furthermore, the harmful smoke generated by fires constitutes a tacit yet lethal menace to firefighters. Inhaling smoke can induce breathing distress, lung-related injury, and even fatality, particularly when it contains hurtful chemicals and cancer-induced substances. Despite wearing protective attire and respiratory apparatus, firefighters remain an easy target for long-term health issues from repeated exposure to smoke and dangerous substances. Beyond the immediate hazards of fire and smoke, firefighters confront environmental threats such as extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. Whether battling wildfires in intense heat, rescuing people during floods, or navigating treacherous terrain in remote areas, firefighters must adapt to different and challenging environments to fulfill their duty of saving lives. Moreover, the psychological toll of firefighting is profound and enduring. Bearing witness to traumatic scenes, such as severe injuries, deaths, and the devastation caused by fires, can impose a profound emotional toll on firefighters. They often struggle with feelings of guilt, grief, and post-traumatic stress disorder, adding to the demands of their exacting vocation. Despite these dangers, firefighters bravely confront adversity with unyielding courage and determination. Their unwavering dedication to protecting lives and property, even at significant personal risk, demonstrates their selflessness and commitment to the well-being of others. Daily, they epitomize the quintessence of heroism, imperiling their own well-being to ensure the safety and welfare of others. Every act of bravery and sacrifice strengthens their reputation as society’s guardians, embodying the timeless values of courage and altruism.
【題組】60 According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? (A) Dangers encountered by firefighters are confined to the immediate risks from flames and smoke. (B) Environmental threats faced by firefighters include severe weather and unforeseen natural events. (C) Firefighters are trained to prioritize their own safety above all else, even during rescue operations. (D) Firefighters’ psychological well-being needs to remain unaffected by the challenges of their profession.
【題組】59 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “exacting” as used in the passage? (A) Harsh. (B) Flexible. (C) Tolerant. (D) Simplified.
【題組】58 Which of the following is identified as the leading hazard faced by firefighters in the passage? (A) Psychological toll. (B) Structural collapses. (C) Environmental threats. (D) Burning heat and flames.

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