Short Answer (2 points each; 10 points in total) 簡答題每題兩分,共十分.
Read the article and answer the questions that follow.
The Battle of Chancellorsville, fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, is widely con Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's greatest victory during the American Civil War. Facing an enemy force nearly twice the size of his own, Lee daringly split his troops in two,confronting and surnising Union Gen. Joseph Hooker. Though Hooker still held numerical superiority, he did not press this advantage,instead falling back to defensive positions. When Lee once again spilt his forces and attacked, Hooker was forced to retreat across the Rappahannock River. Lee's victory came at a high cost, however. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, one of his most trusted generals, was mortally wounded by friendly fre during the battle.
Fought in the Wilderness region of Virginia, Chancellorsville was General Robert E. Lee's greatest
defensive victory, an outstanding example of command partnership and taking the advantage of the
misuse of strategic initiative. On April 30, Lee (whose 60,000 men occupied the Fredericksburg heights)
found 80,000 enemy troops behind him, thanks to a briliantly executed march and river crossing by
Union major general Joseph Hooker, who proclaimed Lee could either "ingloriously fly" or give "battle
on our ground." Unnerved by sharp counterattacks delivereded by the outmumbered Confederate rear guard,
Hooker squandered his advantage by halting to erect defenses near the Chancellor farm. Lee arrived on
May 1, and together with his able subordinate Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, planned his own flank
movement.
Early on May 2, Jackson and 30,000 men followed a circuitous route that brought them against Hooker's
weak right flank. Jackson's attack, begun in late aftermoon, was a briliant tactical success destroyed
half of Hooker's line; only nightfall prevented a complete victory. Jackson, scouting in the dark, was
mortally wounded by his own pickets. The most intense combat of the battle took place on May 3, with
Hooker now defending against Lee's attack. In masterful crisis management, Lee simultaneously pamied a
ust against his rear by the 27,000 troops Hooker had left behind. On May 6, Hooker
pahannock, having lost 17,278 casualties to Lee's 12,826, including the irreplaceable
sed the strategic initiative, which in a few weeks would lead him north to 6
urce: http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-chancellors
50. According to this article, Gen. Robert (E) Lee had disadvantages in numbers and position at the battle.
What was the main reason for him to win the battle?
49. According to this article, how many men did Hooker position behind Gen. Robert (E) Lee's army at the
beginning of the battle?
48. Did Thomas Stonewall Jackson die during the battle?
School authorities in Harrold, Texas, say loaded pistols in the hands of trained teachers will make its students and staff safer.
When teachers return for a new school term in the tiny Texas farming town of Harrold, they can bring an extra tool of the trade alongside books, pens and worksheets. To defend pupils from any gun-toting maniacs, they can carry loaded pistols into the classroom.
With barely 300 residents, the remote rural community in the state's northern dustbowl has appalled gun control advocates by becoming the first in the US to allow its teachers to carry concealed firearms.
Harrold's school board maintains that the plan is necessary because the town is 25 miles from the nearest sheriff's office, making it hard to get swift help in an emergency. Its location, just yards from a major highway, America's north-south Interstate 287, makes it a potential 'target' for armed maniacs.
"We are 30 minutes from law enforcement," Harrold's school superintendent, David Thweatt, told *The Guardian*. "How long do you think it would take to kill all 150 of us? It would be a bloodbath."
Carefully selected teachers are to be trained in crisis management including handling hostage situations. Thweatt said: "When you have good guys with guns, the bad guys do less damage."
More than a dozen mass shooting tragedies have hit US educational establishments over the last decade, including the Columbine massacre which claimed 15 lives at a Colorado high school in 1999 and last year's Virginia Tech massacre which left 33 people dead. "We've had a very disturbing trend of school shootings in the US," said Thweatt. "It is my belief that this is caused by making schools gun-free zones. When schools were made gun-free zones, they became targets for people who wanted a high body count."
As is commonplace in America, Harrold's school already has tough security including card-swipe entry for rooms and screening for visitors. Armed teachers must get a state gun license and will be required to use bullets of a type less liable to ricochet off walls or desks. But teachers' unions in Texas have expressed horror.
"It's a disaster waiting to happen," Gayle Fallon, president of the Houston Federation of Teachers, said. She described it as the sort of maneuver that makes Texas a laughing stock: "It's up there with the worst ideas in the history of education."
Ken Trump, an Ohio-based specialist in advising school boards on security, suggested it would be more sensible to hire security guards than to give guns to "minimally supervised, minimally trained" teachers. "You could have a gun accidentally taken away, or a gun could be discharged while a teacher's breaking up a fight in the cafeteria," said Trump.
Harrold's gun policy was praised by the pro-gun nationwide Citizens Committee for the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. Its chairman, Alan Gottlieb, said the town's school buildings would be safer: "Allowing armed staff and teachers will provide a last line of defense if other security measures at the school fail."
He argued that teachers would be able to respond faster to a classroom shooting than a security guard: "Officers can't be everywhere and in an emergency every second counts." Harrold's school board is unapologetic about the controversy. Thweatt said the thick brick walls of Harrold's school protected pupils from tornadoes -- and the school authorities had a duty to protect children from human attacks.
"When you hear about these shootings, the reports always start out with 'this is a sleepy little place, nobody thought this would ever happen here," said Thweatt.
*Source: Onestopenglish
35. Which of the following words can best replace the word concealed in the article?
(A) buried
(B) wrapped
(C) hidden
(D) couched
34. Which of the following supports the plan?
(A) Ken Trump
(B) Gayle Fallon
(C) Alan Gottlieb
(D) None of the above
33. Which of the following statements is NOT true about David Thweatt?
(A) He thinks the sheriff's office is not close enough for the school.
(B) He thinks the shootings will never happen in a sleepy little town like Harrold.
(C) He is the superintendent of Harrold School.
(D) He believes armed teachers can respond faster to a classroom shooting than a security guard.
This is a large modal.