二、翻譯題

Panic disorder, a complex anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, represents a poorly understood psychiatric condition which is associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of suicide attempts and completed suicide. Recently however, neuroimaging and panic provocation challenge studies have provided insights into the pathoetiology of panic phenomena and have begun to elucidate potential neural mechanisms that may underlie panic attacks.

7. Both innate and adaptive immunity are critical for combating the infections of pathogens. Please compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity concerning specificity, diversity and components.Dr. Lee recently identified a new type of immune cells. Please help him design two experiments to determine if this cell either belongs to the innate or adaptive immune system.

6. The smallpox virus circulated and plagued the human population for many centuries until 1979, thanks to the advent of effective vaccines developed by Dr. Edward Jenner using the skin material of a milkmaid infected by the cowpox virus. Please describe the principle of vaccination against viral infection. Please describe the potential mechanisms of how the cowpox virus vaccine protects humans from smallpox virus infection. (4 points) If you were to develop a new version of the smallpox virus vaccine using current technology, which approach would you take and why?

45. Exercise differs from fasting in that exercise will stimulate (A) gluconeogensis (B) glycogenolysis (C) glucose uptake by muscle cells (D) lipolysis

44. The major hormone turning the absorptive state (feasting) into the postabsorptive state (fasting) is (A) cortisol (B) glucagon (C) growth hormone (D) insulin

43. The function of intestinal enterokinase is to (A) transform pepsinogen to pepsin (B) transform trypsiongen to trypsin (C) transform chymotrypsiongen to chymotrypsin (D) transform procarboxypeptidase to carboxypeptidase。