IV. Essay Writing: 20 points
Write an essay of at least 200 words regarding the following sentences:
Personality tests are sometimes criticized as pseudoscience, though opinions vary. In this writing, define what constitutes a scientific study. Then outline its key steps, using examples to illustrate its essential characteristics.
四、試依「職業安全衛生法」、「女性勞工母性健康保護實施辦法」與「工作場所母性健康保護技術指引」,回答下列問題:
(3)某位女性勞工懷孕.評估後醫師判定該勞工之健康風險等級為第二級.請就雇主在環境危害預防管理與健康管理等2個面向,分別提出2項應執行之措施。(16分)
(2)除其他經中央主管機關規定之危險性或有害性之工作,請列舉2項雇主不得使分娩後未滿1年之女性勞工從事之危險性或有害性工作。(4分)
Allison Burk’s daughter was struggling. The American teenager had uncontrolled emotions, a decreased ability to pay attention, and trouble completing work on time. A family doctor suggested testing for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. This led to an unexpected discovery: The teen had ADHD, and her mother, Allison Burk, did too. During her daughter’s testing, Burk thought, “Wait a minute. This sounds familiar.” “I was able to piece together that this might be something I was experiencing,” said Burk, who lives in Columbus, Ohio. She sought testing for herself and was diagnosed with ADHD at the age of 42. More adults are being diagnosed with ADHD. Diagnoses have been rising for at least 20 years, but seem to have increased sharply in the last few years. A recent government study suggested that more than 15 million adults in the United States, approximately 1 in 17, have been diagnosed with ADHD. The condition starts in childhood, but about half of adults with ADHD are diagnosed when they are 18 or older. Some doctors say the number of people seeking ADHD testing is sharply increasing. “Just in our clinic, requests for assessments have doubled in the last two years,” said Justin Barterian. He is a psychologist based at Ohio State University. Diagnoses have been increasing in both kids and adults. The recent government report also found adult ADHD was more common than what earlier estimates had suggested. Increasing demand for ADHD medication led to severe shortages after the COVID19 pandemic hit in March 2020. A 2023 study showed that the rise in prescriptions was notable in adults, especially among women. ADHD diagnoses and medication were increasing before the pandemic. This is partly because of a change in general diagnostic measures in 2013. Those changes expanded the definition of ADHD and reduced the number of symptoms required for diagnosis. But cases really seemed to increase in 2020, when schools closed and many adults were forced to work from home. It is very difficult to focus when you are home with your kids. Such conditions may have worsened ADHD symptoms in people with less severe cases.
50. How did the pandemic exacerbate ADHD symptoms in some individuals? (A) Increased screen time during the pandemic directly caused a rise in ADHD cases. (B) Remote work and school closures created an environment with more distractions. (C) Many people developed ADHD due to increased stress and isolation during the pandemic. (D) During the pandemic, doctors introduced new diagnostic criteria that made ADHD easier to identify. (E) The lack of structured routines during the pandemic made it more difficult to manage ADHD symptoms.
49. What was a key factor contributing to the increase in ADHD diagnoses and medication use before the pandemic? (A) Increased stress levels in modern society (B) Greater public awareness of ADHD symptoms through social media (C) Changes in diagnostic criteria that broadened the definition of ADHD (D) A rise in online learning, which made ADHD symptoms more noticeable (E) Advances in brain imaging technology that improved diagnostic accuracy
48. What does Justin Barterian’s quote in the third paragraph support? (A) ADHD testing demand has significantly risen in recent years. (B) ADHD medication shortages were caused by supply chain disruptions. (C) The majority of new ADHD diagnoses are in children rather than adults. (D) The 2023 study was the first to confirm a rise in adult ADHD prescriptions. (E) The increase in ADHD diagnoses is primarily due to better awareness among parents.
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