(十二)有一個研究如下圖,研究目的想了解「老師教學品質」對「學生學習
成效」的影響是否會因為「學生參與程度」不同而有不同,並排除
「老師對學生印象好壞」印象分數的影響,請解釋下圖各變數之間的
關係?
(5) (10 pts) Plcase describe in dctail how the atmospheric composition changed, starting from the Earth formed to now.
6 Table A lists the major redox processes occurring in the sediments and their redox potential (, in volt) at 25 C. I atmi, unit
activity, and pH = 7. In the ecosystemn, animals and microbes usually perform respiration through the oxidation of carbohydrates
to get energy and release CO2. Dependent on the environment, diflerent proces sses will be performed.
(c) (12 pts) Given your listed rcactions above (in a&b), please estimate their Gibbs free energy yield per clectron (in the unit of kcal per electron), using △G0 = - zF△E°(w) (z is the number of electrons, F is Faraday's constant 23.06 1 kcal/volt). Compare their Gibbs free energy, and explain how this would control the oxidation/reduction sequence in the sediments with the observed profile shown in Figure A.