一、賴德布魯赫(Radbruch,Gusta)曾经在其所著《法督學》中,針對「規範」(norm)與「指令」 (imperative),提出下列的陳述, "It may best be illustrated by any sentence combining a norm with an imperative, when normative contents appear in imperative form. 'Do your duty!' Let us separate the meaning of that sentence from what carries it, the declared from the declaration. We then get, on the one hand, an existential structure, definite in time and space, brought about and effective by way of causation, a sequence of tones which sounds here and now, originating in a certain psychological process in the speaker and producing another such process in the listener er. On the other hand, we get a nontemporal, nonspatial, noncausal content of significance, a moral necessity which is valid independently of the place, the time, and the effectiveness of that declaration." (From Gustav Radbruch, Legai Philosophy, in Lask, E., Radbruch, G., & Dabin, L. (1950). The Legal Philosophies of losk, Rodbruch, and Dabin. Translated by Kurt Wilk, Harvard University Press, 43-224, 83.) 請回答下列問題：

二、 Organized endeavors directed by people responsible of planning, organizing, leading and controlling activities have existed for thousands of years. The Egyptian pyramids and the Great Wall of China are tangible evidence that projects of tremendous scope, employing tens of thousands of people, were undertaken well before modern times. The pyramids are a particularly interesting example. The construction of a single pyramid occupied more than 100,000 people for 20 years. Who told each worker what to do? Who ensured that there would be enough stones at the site to keep workers busy? The answer to such questions is managers. Regardless of what managers were called that time, someone had to plan what was to be done, organize people and materials to do it, lead and direct the workers and impose some controls to ensure that everything was done as planned.