一、名詞解釋:(20%)

【第一題】Barbara Sargent, Kathryn L. Havens, Jessica L. Wisnowski, Tai-Wei Wu, Masayoshi Kubo, Linda Fetters. In-Home Kicking.
 Activated Mobile Task to Motivate Selective Motor Control of Infants at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Feasibility Study. Physical Therapy. 2020;100: 2217-2226. Abstract
Objective. Children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) have gait impairments resulting from decreased selective motor control, an inability to move the leg joints independently of one another, relying on excessive flexion or extension coupling across the 3 joints. Infants with white matter injury are at high risk of CP and have decreased selective motor control as early as 1 month corrected age. An in-home kicking-activated mobile task was developed to motivate more selective hip-knee control of infants at high risk of CP. The purposes of this study were to determine the feasibility of the in-home mobile task and to determine whether infants at high risk of CP and infants with typical development (TD) lear the association between their leg movements and mobile activation. Methods. Ten infants at high risk of CP based on neuroimaging and II infants with TD participated in this cohort study at 3.5 to 4.5 months corrected age. Each infant participated in the in-home kicking-activated mobile task for 8 to 10 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 6 weeks. Learning was assessed weekly based on an increase in the time that the infant demonstrated the reinforced leg actions when interacting with the icking-activated mobile compared with spontaneous kicking. Results. With regard to feasibility, participation averaged 92% for infants at high risk of CP and 99% for infants with TD. With regard to learning, the group at high risk of CP demonstrated learning of the task for 2 of 6 wecks, whereas the group with TD demo onstrated Icarning for all 6 weeks. Conclusions. Infants at high risk of CP demonstrated learning of the kicking-activated mobile task but at a reduced amount compared with infants with TD. Further research is necessary to determinc whether the kicking-activated mobile task has potential as an intervention to motivate more selective hip- knee control and improve walking outcomes of infants at high risk of CP. Impact. This study investigated the feasibility of an in- home kicking-activated mobile task, a discovery learning task designed to motivate infants at high risk of CP to engage in the Intensive task practice necessary to promote their learning abilities and selective motor control. Lay Summary. CP is a lifelong disorder of movement caused by abnormal development or early damage to the brain. If an in-home infant kicking-activated mobile task could be used to motivate certain types of age-appropriate leg movements of infants who are at high risk of CP, the task could help improve walking outcomes, which eventually could contribute to improving children's ability to participate in daily life. This study showed that infants at high risk of CP did lear the infant kicking-activated mobile task but at a much reduced amount compared with infants who are developing typically; so, this is a first step in determining whether the task has potential to motivate more age-appropriate leg movements in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.