無年度 - 2004年10月托福閱讀#20896

1. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance (B) The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance (C) The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style (D) The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance

2. What does the author mean by using the word “eventually” in line 3 ? (A) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did (B) That most music historians used the term “Renaissance” (C) The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians (D) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet

3. The phrase "frowned on" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) given up (B) forgotten about (C) argued about (D) disapproved of

4. The word“now”in line 11 refers to (A) tile time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome (B) the period of the Renaissance (C) 1855 (D) the time at which the author wrote the passage

5. Where in the passage does the author mention where the Renaissance interest in classical ideas first appeared? (A) Lines I-4 (B) Lines 4-6 (C) Lines 8-9 (D) Lines 11-13

6. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of (A) communication among artists across Europe (B) spirituality in everyday life (C) a cultural emphasis on human values (D) religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes

7. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT (A) to use religious themes (B) to portray only the pleasant parts of human experience (C) to produce art that people would find attractive (D) to create works that were easily understood

8. The word "disseminated" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (A) played (B) documented (C) spread (D) analyzed

9. What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome? (A) It expressed different ideals than classical sculpture, painting and poetry. (B) It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences. (C) It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed. (D) Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts.

10. According to the passage, why was Bemardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time? (A) it was not complex enough to appeal to musicians. (B) It had little emotional impact on audiences. (C) It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time. (D) It did not contain enough religious themes.

11. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style? (A) The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style. (B) The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style. (C) Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians. (D) During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.

12. What topic does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The economic importance of sheep through the ages (B) The development of textile crafts and technologies (C) The evolution of the fleece of domestic sheep (D) The influence of technology on wool manufacturing

13. The word “source” in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) quantity (B) result (C) basis (D) cost

14. According to the passage, the outer coat of sheep 8,000 years ago was (A) white (B) coarse (C) warmer than that of bighorn sheep (D) similar to that of the modern sheep

15. Which of the following can be concluded about wild sheep, as compared with domestic sheep? (A) They are evolving more rapidly. (B) They have thicker coats. (C) They are of less economic importance. (D) They are less similar to bighorn sheep.

16. The word “unchronicled” in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) unquestioned (B) unexplained (C) unnoticed (D) unrecorded

17. What does the author mention as evidence of the characteristics of ancient sheep? (A) Representations of sheep in an (B) Ancient tales about sheep (C) Documents describing sheep (D) Skeletons of sheep

18. The word “clues” in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) proofs (B) indications (C) colors (D) variations

19. In line 17, the author uses the term “living snapshots” to refer to (A) photographs of early types of sheep (B) early guns used for hunting sheep (C) ancient paintings of sheep (D) early breeds of sheep that still exist

20. The phrase "gave rise to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) replaced by (B) favored over (C) brought about (D) found out

21. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Various types of traditional building materials strongly influenced modem architectural design. (B) Changing architectural styles affected the character of cities. (C) New architectural forms evolved in response to the changing needs of society. (D) Technological advances affected conventional methods of building construction.

22. The author uses the expression “rightly so” in line 2 in order to (A) introduce an opinion that differs from that of W. R. Dalzell (B) provide examples of architecture that are indispensable show agreement with the way W. R. Dalzell has described architecture (D) indicate that architectural design must reflect artistic qualities

23. The word "strikingly" in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) aggressively (B) specifically (C) noticeably (D)occasionally

24. According to the passage, which of the following motivated the “new forms of architecture” mentioned in line 5 ? (A) The increased wealth of citizens (B) The Industrial Revolution (C) Competitive international trade (D) Changing ideas about artistic merit

25. It can be inferred that the demand for “large, well-lighted interiors” mentioned in line 10 resulted in the construction of (A) offices (B) factories (C) warehouses (D) department stores

26. The phrase “carried on” in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) conducted (B) supervised (C) moved about (D) improved

27. The word "necessitated" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) identified (B) replaced (C) required (D) supplied

28. It can be inferred from the passage that all of the following occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT (A) considerable societal changes (B) office buildings larger than any ever built before (C) storage and marketing of industrial products (D) a decrease in leisure activities

29. The word "them" in line 16 refers to (A) items (B) pressures (C) populations (D) centers

30. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effect of the Industrial Revolution on transportation systems? (A) Traditional methods of transportation were adequate for workers to get to their jobs. (B) Faster, more efficient methods of transportation were required for the production and distribution of goods. (C) Manufacturers could not produce sufficiently large quantities of goods to support the costs of railroad transportation. (D) Only the most essential products required new, mechanized methods of transportation.

31. The word “Hence” in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) moreover (B) nevertheless (C) in contrast (D) for these reasons

32. The word "sweep" in line 1 could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) brush (B) extend (C) clear (D) hurry

33. The southernmost point of the Appalachian Mountains is in (A) Quebec (B) New England (C) Alabama (D) North Carolina

34. According to the passage, a 615-mile expanse of the Appalachians is known as (A) the Blue Ridge Mountains (B) Grandfather Mountain (C) the Black Mountains (D) the Great Smoky Mountains

35. The word "technically" in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) partially (B) similarly (C) likely (D) officially

36. The expression "the latter range" in line 8 refers to (A) Appalachians (B) the Black Mountains (C) the Great Smoky Mountains (D) Grandfather Mountain

37. The word "they" in line 13 refers to (A) Pennsylvania and the southern states (B) plants and animals (C) mountains (D) glaciers

38. According to the passage, the melting of glaciers caused some plant species to (A) adapt to the heat (B) die out (C) grow bigger and stronger (D) move northward

39. The author mentions all of the following as plants that can be found in a "bald" EXCEPT (A) mountain laurel (B) huckleberries (C) red oaks (D) rhododendron

40. Where in the passage does the author mention what has happened to the development of the mountains since they reached their highest point? (A) Lines 5-7 (B) Lines 10-11 (C) Lines 14-15 (D) Lines 19-20

41. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth. (B) New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain. (C) Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems. (D) Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.

42. The word "contemporary" in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) little-known (B) informative (C) current (D) exciting

43. The word "facilitate" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) enable (B) require (C) organize (D) examine

44. The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective in (A) conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor (B) predicting future climate changes (C) providing data to determine Earth's age (D)demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts

45. The word "realization" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) observation (B) assumption (C) explanation (D) recognition

46. According to the passage, satellite observations of the Arabian Desert allow archaeologists to discern (A) indications of ancient routes (B) evidence of former lakes (C) traces of early farms (D) remains of ancient forests

47. The word "inaccessible" in line'18 is closest in meaning to (A) unreachable (B) undiscovered (C) unexplored (D) unpredictable

48. The word "they" in line 20 refers to (A) new tools (B) small deep-sea submarines (C) scientists (D) the depths of the ocean

49. The word "thriving" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) surviving (B) flourishing (C) feeding (D) competing

50. The organization of the passage can best be described as (A) an extended statement of the basic principles of a particular scientific theory (B) an introductory statement followed by a discussion of particular examples (C) a comparison of the effectiveness of different types of scientific tools (D) an argument for the claim that new techniques can be useful in many specialized fields

無年度 - 2004年10月托福閱讀#20896

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