所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆動物結構與功能
1. If alveolar ventilation is 4200 mL/min, respiratory frequency is 12 breaths per minute, and tidal volume is 500 mL. what is the anatomical-dead-space ventilation? (A) 1800 mL/min (B) 6000 mL/min (C) 350 mL/min (D) 1200 mL/min
2. Which of the following is a component of the renal response to metabolic acidosis? (A) reabsorption of H+ (B) secretion of HCO3 into the tubular lumen (C) secretion of ammonium into the tubular lumen (D) secretion of glutamine into the interstitial fluid
3. Which of the following will not lead to a diuresis? (A) excessive sweating (B) central diabetes insipidus (C) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (D) excessive water intake
4. Untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by (A) decreased sensitivity of adipose and skeletal muscle cells to insulin. (B) higher-than-normal plasma insulin concentration. (C) loss of body fluid due to increased urine production (D) age-dependent onset (only occurs in adults).
5. Which is not a function of insulin? (A) to stimulate amino acid transport across cell membranes (B) to inhibit hepatic glucose output (C) to inhibit glucagon secretion (D) to stimulate lipolysis in adipocytes.
6. Hematocrit is increased (A) when a person has a vitamin B12 deficiency (B) by an increase in secretion of erythropoietin (C) when the number of white blood cells is increased. (D) by a hemorrhage
7. Which is not a symptom of Cushing's disease? (A) high blood pressure (B) bone loss (C) suppressed immune function (D) goiter
8. Inhibition of which enzyme/enzymes would inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes? (A) cyclooxygenase (B) adenylyl cyclase (C) lipoxygenase (D) phospholipase A2
9. Which of the following can be used to synthesize glucose by gluconeogenesis in the liver? (A) fatty acid (B) triglyceride (C) glycerol (D) glycogen
10. Which of the following is an opsonin? (A) IL-2 (B) C1 protein (C) C3b protein (D) C-reactive protein
二、簡答題1. List the four causes of hypoxic hypoxia. (8分)
2. Please list the body's major buffer system. (6分)
3. What two hormones alter the basal metabolic rate? (4分)
4. List three ways in which clotting is limited. (6分)
5. Please list three major classes of plasma protein. (6分)
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