所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆動物結構與功能
1. 胸腺 (Thymus) 位於動物體的哪一個部位？ (A) 縱膈 (Mediastinum) (B) 心包膜腔 (Pericardial cavity) (C) 胸膜腔 (Pleural cavity) (D) 腹膜腔 (Peritoneal cavity) (E) 骨盤腔 (Pelvic cavity)
2. 下列哪一構造位於蝶骨 (Sphenoid bone) 的蝶鞍 (Sella turcica) 內？ (A) 下視丘 (Hypothalamus) (B) 松果腺 (Pineal gland) (C) 腦下腺 (Pituitary gland) (D) 副甲狀腺 (Parathyroid gland) (E) 甲狀腺 (Thyroid gland)
3. 運動員經常受傷斷裂的前十字韌帶 (Anterior cruciate ligament) 與後十字韌帶 (Posterior cruciate ligament)，是位於哪一個關節內？ (A) 肩關節 (Shoulder joint) (B) 肘關節 (Elbow joint) (C) 腕關節 (Wrist joint) (D) 髖關節 (Hip joint) (E) 膝關節 (Knee joint)
4. 脊髓內的錐體束 (Pyramidal tract of spinal cord) 在何處交叉至對側？ (A) 中腦 (Midbrain) (B) 小腦 (Cerebellum) (C) 大腦 (Cerebrum) (D) 延髓 (Medulla oblongata) (E) 橋腦 (Pons)
5. 中樞神經系統內，下列何者之細胞膜纏繞在神經纖維外形成髓鞘 (Myelin sheath)？ (A) 許旺氏細胞 (Schwann cell) (B) 微小膠細胞 (Microglia) (C) 寡樹突膠細胞 (Oligodendrocyte) (D) 室管膜細胞 (Ependymal cell) (E) 星狀膠細胞 (Astrocytes)
6. 下列那一構造 "不" 通過腹股溝管 (Inguinal canal)？ (A) 睪丸動脈 (Testicular artery) (B) 輸精管 (Vas deferens) (C) 射精管 (Ejaculatory duct) (D) 蔓狀叢靜脈 (Pampiniform plexus of veins) (E) 提睪肌 (Cremaster m.)
7. 歐迪氏括約肌 (Sphincter of Oddi) 位在： (A) 胃 (Stomach) (B) 十二指腸 (Duodenum) (C) 空腸 (Jejunum) (D) 迴腸 (Ileum) (E) 盲腸 (Caecum)
8. 骨骼肌收縮時，肌漿網 (Sarcoplasmic reticulum) 中，何種離子會釋放至肌漿 (Sarcoplasm) 中？ (A) 鈣離子 (Ca²⁺) (B) 鈉離子 (Na⁺) (C) 鉀離子 (K⁺) (D) 鎂離子 (Mg²⁺) (E) 氯離子 (Cl⁻)
9. 口輪匝肌 (Orbicularis oris m.) 肌束屬於那一種的排列方式？(A) 平行 (Parallel)(B) 單側羽毛狀 (Unipennate)(C) 雙側羽毛狀 (Bipennate)(D) 環狀 (Circular)(E) 會聚式 (Convergent)
10. 下肢的淋巴液經淋巴管收集後，匯集至胸管 (Thoracic duct)，最後於何處注入血液中？ (A) 右鎖骨下靜脈 (Right subclavian v.) 和外頸靜脈 (External jugular v.) 會交處 (B) 右鎖骨下靜脈 (Right subclavian v.) 和內頸靜脈 (Internal jugular v.) 會交處 (C) 左鎖骨下靜脈 (Left subclavian v.) 和外頸靜脈 (External jugular v.) 會交處 (D) 左鎖骨下靜脈 (Left subclavian v.) 和內頸靜脈 (Internal jugular v.) 會交處 (E) 上腔靜脈 (Superior vena cava)
二、填充及填圖題1. 肝臟的肝三合管 (Hepatic triad) 包含肝門靜脈 (Hepatic portal vein) _______ 及 _______。
2. 腦脊膜 (Meninges) 包含_______、_______及_______等三層構造。
A.____________
B.____________
C.____________
D.____________
E.____________
三、簡答題 1. 請條列出與咀嚼 (Mastication) 有關的肌肉及它們的神經支配。
1. ______ conduct coprophagy, to have food pass though alimentary canal two times for obtaining more crucial nutrients.
2. ______ has the greatest oxygen content and delivers oxygen to heart, then systemic circulation starts.
3. ______ is the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle during each contraction.
4. ______ originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls the muscles of the tongue for speech and swallowing.
5. After complete a full expiration, there is a volume of gas remain in the lung, which is called ______.
6. Bile salts break fats into fatty acids, and are concentrated in ______ via water reabsorption.
7. Capsaicin activates ______, so we feel hot easily while having spicy dishes.
8. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems connect together in ______, where regulates blood pressure and breathing unitedly.
9. Cerebellum plays a vital role in balance control and ______ processing.
10. Comparing to human, an eagle has higher proportion of ______ in its retina.
11. Cortisol has an important role in the stress response, and is released from , which is triggered by adrenocorticotropic hormone from ________.
12. Enzymes include trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen are secreted for protein digestion, which are activated in ______.
13. Feline are ______, which require adequate taurine in their diets and make energy from gluconeogenesis.
14. If the lower esophageal sphincter is not working properly, the food and liquid move from stomach to lower end of esophagus, and the painful symptom is called ______.
15. In bone injury area,______ will dissolve the old and damaged bone cells.
16. In desert animals, like camels, their _ are longer for recovering water and sodium chloride, which results in thicker ______ and concentrated urine production.
17. In the innate immunity,______ phagocytose bacteria, produce cytokines, and repair damaged tissues.
18. Neurofibrillary tangles is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, which is related to impaired accumulation of ______.
19. Nitric oxide relaxes smooth muscle and leads to ______, which is a mechanism of many cardiovascular drugs.
20. Sodium ions flow into the cell and initiate an action potential, and this phase is called ______.
21. Taking daily supplement of ______ is recommended to pregnant women for preventing neural tube defect.
22. The activity of ______ promotes erection of genitalia.
23. The breast muscles of a turkey are _ because they are used for flight within a very short duration, which is composed of ________.
24. The cellular respiration produces ATP with glucose, which is taken place in ______.
25. The estrogen level is elevated in ______, so secondary sex characteristics develop in a female.
26. The most abundant neurotransmitter in brain and central nervous system is ______.
27. The nitrogenous wastes in reptiles are excreted as ______, with more energetically expensive, which is relatively nontoxic and insoluble in water.
28. When vitamin D is low, the absorption of calcium is insufficient, so ______ is active to receive more calcium for the bone.
貳、填空題1. Each hemoglobin is able to carry up to ______ oxygen molecules.
2. A German Shepherd has a pulse rate of 108 beats per minute, a systolic blood pressure of 132 mmHg, and a diastolic blood pressure of 75 mmHg; so this dog's mean arterial pressure is ______ mmHg.
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