所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學
1. What is accumulated in the blood of untreated diabetes patients with a condition called ketosis? (A) acetoacetate (B) acetyl CoA (C) Succinyl CoA (D) Propionyl-CoA
2. Which apolipoprotein links high serum cholesterol at midlife to Alzheimer's disease in later life? (A) Apo A-I (B) Apo B-100 (C) Apo E4 (D) Apo C-II
3. Which of the following metabolite is the switch between fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis? (A) Acetyl CoA (B) Malonyl CoA (C) Mevalonate (D) Propionyl-CoA
4. Which of the following promotes the biosynthesis of fatty acid? (A) Glucagon (B) Activation of AMPK (C) High levels of citrate (D) Fatty acyl CoA
5. Which is the target for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)? (A) Arachidonic acid (B) PGH synthase (C) hydrolase (D) TxA synthase
6. Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by the levels of cholesterol inside the cell? (A) The degradation of HMG CoA reductase (B) The synthesis of LDL receptor (C) The synthesis of HMG CoA reductase (D) The transport of LDL receptor to plasma membrane
7. Of the following functions, the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes are most important for (A) facilitated diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients. (B) active transport of molecules against their concentration gradients. (C) maintaining the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane. (D) the ability of cells to recognize like and different cells.
8. In DNA sequencing by the Sanger (dideoxy) method: (A) the template DNA strand is radioactive. (B) radioactive dideoxy ATP is included in each of four reaction mixtures before enzymatic synthesis of complementary strands. (C) specific enzymes are used to cut the newly synthesized DNA into small pieces, which are then separated by electrophoresis. (D) the role of the dideoxy CTP is to occasionally terminate enzymatic synthesis of DNA where Gs occur in the template strands.
9. When the thymine analog, 5-bromouracil, incorporates into DNA normallyoccupied by thymine, what point mutation can occur? (A) T-A to A-T (B) T-A to C-G (C) C-G to T-A (D) both （B）and（C）are correct
10. The phosphodiester bond that joins adjacent nucleotides in DNA: (A) is positively charged. (B) associates ionically with metal ions, polyamines, and proteins. (C) is susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis. (D) links C-3 of deoxyribose to N-1 of thymine or cytosine.
11. Which of the following is not true of all naturally occurring DNA? (A) Deoxyribose units are connected by 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds. (B) The amount of A always equals the amount of T. (C) The ratio A+T/G+C is constant for all natural DNAs. (D) The two complementary strands are antiparallel.
12. When double-stranded DNA is heated at neutral pH, which change does not occur? (A) The absorption of ultraviolet (260 nm) light increases. (B) The covalent N-glycosidic bond between the base and the pentose breaks. (C) The hydrogen bonds between A and T break. (D) The viscosity of the solution decreases.
13. Which of these statements about the regulation of cholesterol synthesis is not true? (A) Cholesterol acquired in the diet has essentially no effect on the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver. (B) Failure to regulate cholesterol synthesis predisposes humans to atherosclerosis. (C) High intracellular cholesterol stimulates formation of cholesterol esters. (D) Insulin stimulates HMG-CoA reductase.
14. Which of the following is not true of the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase? (A) It is similar to transamination in that it involves the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). (B) is produced. (C) The enzyme can use either as a cofactor. (D) The enzyme is glutamate-specific, but the reaction is involved in oxidizing other amino acids.
15. Tetrahydrofolate (THF) and its derivatives shuttle _____ between different substrates. (A) electrons (B) (C) acyl groups (D) one carbon units
16. Upon the addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) to a suspension of mitochondria carrying out oxidative phosphorylation linked to the oxidation of malate, all of the following occur except: (A) oxygen consumption decreases. (B) oxygen consumption increases. (C) the P/O ratio drops from a value of approximately 2.5 to 0. (D) the proton gradient dissipates.
17. Oxaloacetate uniformly labeled with (in other words, with equal amounts of in each of its carbon atoms) is condensed with unlabeled acetyl-CoA. After a single pass through the citric acid cycle back to oxaloacetate, what fraction of the original radioactivity will be found in the oxaloacetate? (A) All (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/4
18. Denaturation is a process in which proteins or nucleic acids lose the quaternary structure, tertiary structure, and secondary structure which is present in their native state. Which one can't cause protein denature? (A) 60°C (B) Ethanol (C) Urea (carbamide) (D) Trypsin
19. 4. Which biochemical technology is used based on the specificity for the antibody? (A) ELISA (B) SDS-PAGE (C) qPCR (D) Multiple reaction monitoring MS (MRM-MS)
20. Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In most eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Which one involves in this metabolic pathway? (A) NADH dehydrogenase (B) Formate dehydrogenase (C) Pyruvate oxidase (D) Lactate dehydrogenase
21. Which essential amino acid in humans contain sulfur? (A) Lysine (B) Histidine (C) Methionine (D) Tryptophan
22. When the linear form of fructose cyclizes, the product is a(n): (A) glycoside. (B) acetal. (C) hemiketal. (D) lactone.
23. An integral (intrinsic) membrane protein can be extracted with: (A) a buffer of alkaline or acid pH. (B) a solution of high ionic strength. (C) a chelating agent that removes divalent cations. (D) a solution containing detergent.
24. Which of the following deoxyoligonucleotides will hybridize with a DNA containing the sequence (5') AGACTGGTC(3')? (A) (5') TCTGACCAG(3') (B) (5')GAGTCAACT(3') (C) (5')CTCATTGAG(3') (D) (5')GACCAGTCT(3')
25. The fluidity of the lipid side chains in the interior of a bilayer is generally increased by: (A) a decrease in temperature. (B) an increase in fatty acyl chain length. (C) an increase in the number of double bonds in fatty acids. (D) the binding of water to the fatty acyl side chains.
26 Movement of water across membranes is facilitated by proteins called: (A) aquaporins. (B) selectins. (C) hydropermeases. (D) transportins.
27. Oseltamivir, also known as Tamiflu, is effective as an antiviral against the influenza virus due to its ability to block the action of which protein associated with the surface of the viral particle? (A) hemagglutinin (B) neuraminidase (C) M1 (D) M2
28. A new insulin gene was isolated and a study was planned to look at the function of the promoter region. Which of the following would be the best choice for this study? (A) southern analysis (B) immunoblotting (C) reporter gene assay (D) immunoprecipitation
29. Which of the following is ideal for screening a protein expression library? (A) labeled antibodies (B) 3' RACE (C) 5' RACE (D) RT-PCR
30. In the alcoholic fermentation of glucose by yeast, thiamine pyrophosphate is a coenzyme required by: (A) aldolase. (B) hexokinase. (C) lactate dehydrogenase. (D) pyruvate decarboxylase.
31. What is the free energy change (ΔG) in a spontaneous, exergonic chemical reaction? : (A) ΔG = 0 (B) ΔG ＜ 0 (C) ΔG ＞ 0 (D) Context dependent
32. Hypoxia is a biological condition of low O2. When cells encounter hypoxia, which of the following will not occur? (A) Lactate or alcohol fermentation takes place (B) ATP hydrolysis in mitochondria increases (C) Mitochondria protonmotive force increases (D) Electron transport decreases
33. Which of the following pathways takes place primarily within the inner mitochondrial membrane? (A) Fatty acid β-oxidation (B) Glycolysis (C) Citric acid cycle (D) Electron transport
34. Which of the following is not product of glycolysis? (A) ATP (B) NADH (C) CO2 (D) Pyruvate
35. Which of the following is not the role of NADH in cell? (A) A redox state indicator (B) A reduced equivalent (C) An electron donor (D) An activator of citrate synthase
36. Oligomycin is an ATP synthase inhibitor. Which of the following is not likely to be observed after oligomycin is added to mitochondria? (A) O2 uptake increases (B) Complex I stops pumping proton (C) Proton flow through Fo stops (D) Protonmotive force increases shortly after adding oligomycin
37. What amino acids are the major carriers for transporting ammonia from tissues to liver for urea synthesis? 1) asparagine, 2) aspartate, 3) glutamine, 4) glutamate, 5) alanine, 6) glycine (A) 1, 6 (B) 2, 4 (C) 3, 5 (D) 4, 6
38. Which symptom is NOT a consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency? (A) megablastic anemia (B) hyperhomocysteinemia (C) neurological disorder (D) hypermethioninemia
39. Which non-essential amino acids require essential amino acids for biosynthesis in humans? 1) arginine, 2) cysteine, 3) methionine, 4) tyrosine, 5) phenylalanine, 6) proline. 7) glycine (A) 1, 4 (B) 3, 7 (C) 5, 6 (D) 2, 4
40. Which molecules require 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) for biosynthesis? 1) arginine,2) phenylalanine, 3) histidine; 4) tryptophan, 5) tyrosine, 6) methionine. (A) 1,6 (B) 2, 5 (C) 3, 4 (D) 4, 6
41. Which statement about the role of glutathione is INCORRECT? (A) It maintains an intracellular oxidizing environment. (B) It prevents intracellular protein thiols from forming disulfides. (C) It participates in detoxification of organic halides. (D) It plays roles in uptake of amino acids.
42. Which method can be applied to detect the DNA-protein interactions? (A) in vitro protein binding assay (B) Direct DNA sequencing (C) Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (D) Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR)
43. Which one of the following statements is true for a protein denaturation? (A) Must decrease the protein stability (B) Never cause human diseases (C) May easily precipitate in the cytoplasm (D) all of the above
44. Which of the following signaling systems moves a molecule across the plasma membrane and interacts with its receptor in the nucleus? (A) Lipopolysaccharide (B) Epinephrine (C) Progesterone (D) Insulin
45. The secondary structure of protein cannot be determined by: (A) Tryptic digestion combined with tandem mass spectrometry (B) Circular dichroism (C) X-ray crystallography (D) Nuclear magnetic resonance
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is produced. (C) The enzyme can use either 
as a cofactor. (D) The enzyme is glutamate-specific, but the reaction is involved in oxidizing other amino acids.
(C) acyl groups (D) one carbon units
(in other words, with equal amounts of 
in each of its carbon atoms) is condensed with unlabeled acetyl-CoA. After a single pass through the citric acid cycle back to oxaloacetate, what fraction of the original radioactivity will be found in the oxaloacetate? (A) All (B) 1/2 (C) 1/3 (D) 1/4