所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學
1. Which of the following is not required for protein synthesis? (A) mRNA (B) Ribosomes (C) GTP (D) All the various tRNAs and their attached electrodes (E) None of the above
2. Insulin is a protein composed of two peptide chains connected by a disulfide bond. Which amino acid side chain can form this covalent bond? (A) cystine (B) cysteine (C) isoleucine (D) proline (E) None of the above
3. Which of the following statements is correct regarding starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin? (A) All have al→4 links. (B) Chitin is made up of different monomers. (C) Only glycogen has a core protein. (D) Each is made of one type of monomer. (E) Chitin and cellulose differ only in their degree of branching.
4. Which residues in proteins are common sites of phosphorylation? (A) Serine, Histidine, Tyrosine (B) Serine, Alanine, Tyrosine (C) Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine (D) Serine, Tyrosine, Aspartate (E) All of the above
5. Which residues in proteins are common sites of glycosylation? (A) Asparagine (B) Aspartate (C) Glutamine (D) Glutamate (E) None of the above
6. Which of the following tetrapeptides is the most difficult to soluble in water? (A) Alanine-glycine-lysine-phenylalanine (B) Phenylalanine-leucine-alanine-isoleucine (C) Leucine-alanine-lysine-serine (D) Glutamate-aspartate-glycine-arginine (E) Lysine-proline-arginine-glycine
7. Which of the following proteins moves toward the anode the fastest during electrophoresis at a pH of 7.0? (A) protein A (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 7.0) (B) protein B (molecular weight 200kDa, isoelectric point 4.5) (C) protein C (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 4.5) (D) protein D (molecular weight 25kDa, isoelectric point 9.5) (E) protein E (molecular weight 200kDa, isoelectric point 9.5)
8. Which of the following is not related to eukaryotic cell transcription? (A) DNA template (B) DNA polymerase (C) RNA polymerase (D) promoter (E) None of the above
9. The RAS-MAPK signaling pathway can regulate both cell death and survival signals. Which of the following molecules is required for activation of RAS? (A) GTP (B) ATP (C) NADH (D) Ca2+ (E) None of the above
10. The temperature at which a lipid bilayer shifts from a fluid state to a crystalline gel is called (A) transition temperature (B) optimum temperature (C) gelation temperature (D) crystal temperature (E) None of the above
11. The GAL4 protein activates transcription from the GAL1 promoter in yeast. To bind to DNA, the protein utilizes a (A) signal peptide (B) transcriptional-activating domain (C) zinc-finger domain (D) transmembrane segment (E) heme group
12. Which of the following events occurs first as a result of EGF binding to its receptor? (A) Activation of a GTPase (B) Activation of a phospholipase (C) Activation of a tyrosine phosphatase (D) Activation of a tyrosine kinase (E) None of the above
二、簡答題
1. What is epigenetic regulation? Discuss how environmental factors may affect epigenetic regulation in humans.
2. Two polypeptides, A and B, have similar tertiary structures, but A normally exists as a monomer, whereas B exists as a tetramer. What differences might be expected in the amino acid composition of A versus B?
3. COVID-19 vaccines help our bodies develop immunity to the virus. Please describe how mRNA COVID-19 vaccines work
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