110年 - 110 國立台灣海洋大學_碩士班招生考試_航運管理學系碩士班商業管理組：英文#105327

       Shortages of consumer goods like paper towels and work-from-home gear early in the COVID-19 crisis have given way to parts shortfalls in one of the most globally integrated of industries: auto manufacturing. 

       Compounding the industrial imbalances are transport woes plaguing consumer and healthcare sectors still dealing with a dearth of available shipping containers to move components and finished products out of China, Taiwan, South Korea and Asia’s other export powers. 

       Nerijus Poskus (奈瑞尤斯‧帕司克斯), vice president for global ocean at San Francisco-based freight forwarder Flexport Inc (飛協博), reckons the world needs the equivalent of 500,000 more 20-foot containers — roughly enough to fill 25 of the largest ships in operation — to satisfy the current demand. In the meantime, standard container rates on transpacific routes are quadruple what they were a year ago. And that is before equipment surcharges and premiums for guaranteed loading are added.

         “Anyone paying the freight bills in 2020 though knows the true cost of shipping is much higher than even the recently increased rates,” Poskus (帕司克斯) said. “We expect that to only increase in 2021.” 

       The unstoppable rise in container shipping costs is borne out by December figures recently announced by Taiwan’s three major shipping companies — Evergreen Marine Corp, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp and Wan Hai Lines Ltd — which saw a record-breaking year-on-year surge of revenue at 58.8 percent, 35.19 percent and 75.71 percent respectively.

          即使台灣因特色的高山旅遊遠近馳名，但光是基本條件「乾淨」，不少山屋 就有很大改善空間。缺乏獨特性和差異化也是國旅高端化的致命傷，尤其在體驗 經濟時代，更不能各地的老街全是夜市型態，販售的土產、紀念品統統一樣。

        「如果沒有差異化，跟消費者在家裡有何不同，為什麼要來你這裡？獨特性當然是高端客人最愛，也就是我有、你不一定有，」觀光局前副局長、高雄餐 旅大學觀光研究所教授劉喜臨(Wayne Liu)認為，必須透過價格和價值來提升。

       反觀日本，完整保留了每個地區的文化歷史，「不管到日本哪裡，絕對不會 有和居住地一樣的東西，」虹夕諾雅谷關(Hoshinoya Guguan)總經理田川直樹 (Naoki Tagawa)說，日本國內旅遊的花費和國外差不多，但日本人喜歡準備不一 樣的搭配和呈現，即使去同樣地方，每次都會獲得不一樣的體驗。 

      台灣文化本來就多元豐富，當地季節農作、漁獲收成，或是客家、原住民的 生活採集，都可以是高端旅遊文化活動的體驗。不管飯店或民宿，也不能只死守 在建築內，必須以自己為出發點，經營周遭的在地文化。