110年 - 110 國立高雄大學_碩士班招生考試_生命科學系：生物化學#102162

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：25 | 申論題數：5

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學

選擇題 (25)

1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the : (A) cell envelope. (B) cell membrane. (C) nucleoid (D) nucleus. (E) ribosomes.

2. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the : (A) cell membrane. (B) nuclear envelope. (C) nucleolus. (D) nucleoplasm. (E) nucleosome.

3. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: (A) DNA. (B) photosynthetic capability. (C) plasma membranes. (D) ribosomes. (E) the nucleus.

4. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy 一 it is therefore a: (A) chemoautotroph. (B) chemoheterotroph. (C) lithotroph. (D) photoautotroph. (E) photoheterotroph.

5. Which one of the following has the cellular components arranged in order of increasing size? (A)Amino acid ＜ protein ＜ ribosome ＜ mitochondrion (B)Amino acid ＜ protein ＜ mitochondrion ＜ ribosome (C)Amino acid ＜ ribosome ＜ protein ＜ mitochondrion (D)Protein ＜ amino acid ＜ mitochondrion ＜ ribosome (E)Protein ＜ ribosome ＜ mitochondrion ＜ amino acid

6. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions.Which one of the following is not considered a noncovalent interaction? (A)carbon-carbon bonds (B)hydrogen bonds (C)hydrophobic interactions (D)ionic interactions (E)van der Waals interactions

7. Which one of the following is not among the four most abundant elements in living organisms? (A)Carbon (B)Hydrogen (C)Nitrogen (D)Oxygen (E)Phosphorus

8. The four covalent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which one of the following geometries? (A)linear (B)trigonal bipyramidal (C)tetrahedral (D)trigonal planar (E)trigonal pyramidal

9. The macromolecules that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information are: (A) carbohydrates. (B) lipids. (C) membranes. (D) nucleic acids. (E) proteins.

10. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are known as: (A)anomers. (B)cis-trans isomers. (C)diastereoisomers. (D)enantiomers. (E)geometric isomers.

11. The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumaric acid to 1-malate, but it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of: (A)biological activity. (B)chiral activity (C)racemization (D)stereoisomerization. (E)stereospecificity.

12. Humans maintain a nearly constant level of hemoglobin by continually synthesizing and degrading it. This is an example of a(n): (A) dynamic steady state. (B) equilibrium state. (C) exergonic change. (D) free-energy change. (E) waste of energy.

13. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemical reaction, the reaction is said to be: (A) at equilibrium. (B) endergonic (C) endothermic. (D) exergonic. (E) exothermic.

14. If the free energy changeΔG for a reaction is -46.11 kJ/mol , the reaction is: (A) at equilibrium. (B) endergonic (C) endothermic. (D) exergonic. (E) exothermic.

15. The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells is: (A) acetyl triphosphate. (B) adenosine monophosphate. (C)adenosine triphosphate. (D)cytosine tetraphosphate. (E)uridine diphosphate.

16. Enzymes are biological catalysis that enhance the rate of a reaction by: (A) decreasing the activation energy. (B) decreasing the amount of free energy released. (C) increasing the activation energy. (D) increasing the amount of free energy released. (E) increasing the energy of the transition state.

17. Energy requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from simpler precursors are: (A) amphibolic. (B) anabolic. (C) autotrophic. (D) catabolic. (E) heterotrophic.

18. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in: (A) nuclei (B)deoxyribonucleic acid. (C)membrane structures. (D)polysaccharides. (E)ribonucleic acid.

19. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and replacing some of the nucleotides, what ensures that the new nucleotides are in the correct sequence? (A)DNA cannot be repaired and this explains why mutations occur. (B)Specific enzymes bind the correct nucleotides. (C)The new nucleotides basepair accurately with those on the complementary strand. (D)The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucleotide and brings in an identical one to replace it. (E)The three-dimensional structure determines the order of nucleotides.

20. The three-dimensional structure of a protein is determined primarily by: (A) electrostatic guidance from nucleic acid structure. (B) how many amino acids are in the protein. (C) hydrophobic interaction with lipids that provide a folding framework. (D) modification during interactions with ribosomes. (E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

21. According to Oparin’s theory for the origin of life, the prebiotic atmosphere: (A) already contained some primitive RNA molecules. (B) basically was very similar to the atmosphere of today. (C) contained many amino acids. (D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water. (E) was rich in oxygen.

22. When you run the mixture protein sample using SDS-PAGE, which of following protein could be moved fast toward the bottom of the gel? (A) cytochrome c, Mr = 13,000 (B) immunoglobulin G, Mr = 145,000 (C) ribonuclease A, Mr = 13,700 (D) RNA polymerase, Mr = 450,000 (E) serum albumin, Mr = 68,500

23. A compound has a pKa of 7.4. To 100 mL of a 1.0 M solution of this compound at pH 8.0 is added 30 mL of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The pH value of resulting solution is: (A) 7.5 (B) 7.4 (C) 7.2 (D) 6.8 (E) 6.5

24. Myoglobin and the subunits of hemoglobin have: (A) no obvious structural relationship. (B) very similar primary and tertiary structures. (C) very different primary and tertiary structures. (D) very similar tertiary structures, but different primary structures. (E) very similar primary structures, but different tertiary structures.

25. The average molecular weight of the 20 standard amino acids is 138, but biochemists use 110 when estimating the number of amino acids in a protein of known molecular weight. Why? (A) The number 138 represents the molecular weight of conjugated amino acids. (B) The number 110 takes into account the relatively small size of nonstandard amino acids. (C) The number 110 is based on the fact that the average molecular weight of a protein is 110,000 with an average of 1,000 amino acids. (D) The number 110 reflects the number of amino acids found in the typical small protein, and only small proteins have their molecular weight estimated this way. (E) The number 110 reflects the higher proportion of small amino acids in proteins, as well as the loss of water when the peptide bond forms.

申論題 (5)

1. 就研究生命科學而言，『結構與功能』是一體兩面的，請以 Fo-F1 ATPase 為例闡述此說明。 (10﹪)

2. 說明 Vitamin C 之結構及功能(10﹪)

3. 異化代謝主要是產生能量及建構先驅物為合成做準備，主要關鍵的先驅物質有哪些? (10%）

4. 何謂 Km，Kcat 及 Vmax？各代表甚麼意義？（10%）

5. 了解蛋白質一次結構排列能做些甚麼工作呢？(10﹪)