113年 - 管理學院運輸與物流班組聯招-科技論文-108年#123586

1. 請將以下論文摘要(包含標題)翻譯成中文。(50%)
Balancing competition and cooperation: Evidence from transatlantic airline markets

In the last two decades, airline alliances were not only successful in extending the size of their networks, but also received approvals by public authorities to intensify their cooperation up to merger-like revenue-sharing joint ventures (JVs). We empirically investigate the impact of the implementation of such joint ventures on both the respective airlines' network structure and their productive efficiency. Using U.S. DOT T100 International Segment data and applying airline-market fixed effects models, we find that joint ventures — compared to services with a lower degree of cooperation — lead to a 3–5 percent increase in seat capacity between the respective partner airlines’ hub airports； however, this is done at the expense of services elsewhere in the network. Productive efficiency, as measured by load factors, is found to be 0.5–5 percent lower for joint venture routes compared to routes operated under antitrust immunity only.

2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)

偏鄉地區特性為人口密度低、旅次目的分散及旅次長度較長，因此難以提供高密度的公車路線及班次服務。然而，在都會化與數位化浪潮下，偏鄉地區多屬於經濟發展相對弱勢區域，人口結構有集中於高齡與幼齡兩極化之現象，公共運輸服務之乘客屬性多為老人、學生、經濟弱勢族群等受限搭乘者 (Captive Rider)，其運具替代性相對較少，多以公車為主要運輸服務。此外，亦有部分偏鄉地區因為公車站牌太遠或沒有路線行經，導致民眾聯外通勤、就醫及就學必須被迫使用私人運具，剝奪了沒有汽車或無法開車者的行動權利。

【摘錄自：交通部，智慧運輸系統發展建設計畫 (106-109 年)】