1.1.Without_________ , young children tend to overestimate their abilities when they are asked to recall a long
list of random objects. (A) concrete operational thinking (B) metamemory (C) theory of mind (D) analogical
thinking
2.2.Without_________ , young children tend to predict that when his/her friend comes into the room and sees a
pencil case, which is now filled with candy, may believe that the case stil contains pencils. (A) abstract
operational thinking (B) false belief (C) theory of mind (D) hypothetical thinking
3.3.Compared to preschoolers, school-age children are much better at shifting their focus and updating their
strategies when playing board games such as "SET", which rewards quick yet flexible responses towards
the multi-dimensions of the pictures on the game cards. These cognitive abilities are considered as parts of
_________by modern psychologists. (A) hypothetical thinking (B) post-conventional thinking (C) self-
efficacy (D) executive functioning
4.4.Self-conscious emotions (A) involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self (B) appear in the middle
of the first year (C) are universal in humans and other primates (D) predict academic achievement during
adolescence.
5.5.Bobby realistically evaluates his characteristics and competencies, and also has an attitude of self-
acceptance and self-respect. Bobby has (A) high self-esteem (B) realistic world view (C) average self-
esteem (D) healthy id.
6.6.Ray persists at challenging tasks, and displays initiative in the face of challenges. Ray is demonstrating (A)
achievement motivation (B) inner struggle (C) self-promotion (D) identity achievement.
7.1. Functional studies of people with major depression show:
(A) diminished volume in the prefrontal cortex
(B) decreased activity in the amygdala
(C) elevated activity in the amygdala
(D) diminished volume of the hippocampus
8.2、下列有關Stressful life events與 dpression的關聯,何者敘述正確?
(A) Stressful life events play little role in the onset of depressive episodes
(B) Stressful life events are only related to the first episode of depression
(C) Stressful life cvents mediate the relationship between genetics and environment
(D) Stressful life events are important in triggering episodes of depression
9.3.Somatic symptom-related disorders and dissociative disorders are similar in that both:
(A) are delusional in quality
(B) typically begin after a stressful experience
(C) have symptoms suggesting a physical dysfunction
(D) involve aggressive outbursts
10.4.In one study of connectivity in schizophrenia, researchers found that greater connectivity between_________
and other brain areas predicted reduction in symptoms early in the course of a hospital stay.
(A) striatum
(B) ventral tegmental arca
(C)hippocampus
(D) cingulate gyrus
11.5.The following statements of myth about late life, which one is correct:
(A) APA state that it is important for psychologist working with elderly to examine their stereotypes about
late life
(B) Our social selectivity will progressively suspend in late life
(C) Older people are lonely that would impact their psychological well-being
(D) People in their late life will be cope poorly with troubles and become focus on their poor health
12.6. The following statements of prevalence of psychological disorders in late life, which one is NOT correct?
(A) Rates of schizophrenia are low among elderly
(B) Older population (＞65 yrs) has the lowest prevalence of anxiety disorders
(C) The elderly are less likely to meet criteria for personality disorders
(D) Person over 65 have the slightly high prevalence of all psychological disorders
14.8.People with OCD, hoarding, & body dysmorphic disorder seem to involve fronto-striatal circuits. Which
brain region does NOT belongs to them? (A)medial prefrontal cortex
(B) caudate nucleus
(C) anterior cingulate cortex
(D) orbitofrontal cortex
16.10. Which of the following statement about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is NOT correct?
(A)Generally, children with ASD who learn to speak before age 6 have the best outcomes
(B) Study found that over a third of children with ASD also have a specific learning disorder
(C) Children with ASD had a large-than -normal brain at age 2, but it didn't continue to increase at age 4
or 5
(D) Children with ASD have problems in joint attention and communication deficits
18.12 . Studies of the causes of ADHD have found that environmental toxins, such as food additives and lead,
(A) are usually the cause in those children with an organic basis to their ADHD
(B) cause subtle attentional problems, but not to the degree of ADHD
(C) are more likely to cause attentional problems without hyperactivity
(D) do not explain more than a small percentage of cases
19.13. Which one is NOT correct component of expressed emotion (EE)?
(A) hostility toward
(B) vague communication
(C) critical comments
(D) emotional overinvolvement
21.15. According to animal studies, chronic use of methamphetamine cause:
(A) poorer performance on maze test
(B) reduction in brain size of frontal cortices
(C) poorer decision making
(D) reduction in brain volume in areas in cerebellum
23.17、DSM-5之PTSD症狀分為以下哪四個主要類別?
(A) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in
mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity
(B) Avoidance of stimuli associated with event, symptoms of increased arousal, and symptoms of
suicidality
(C) Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and anxiety
(D) Hypervigilance, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, and exaggerated startle response
【非選題】 27.二、問答題(22%):
1.Why do we study prenatal development? Please specify at least two reasons by pointing out why the
knowledge of prenatal development matters for psychologists. (8%)
【非選題】 28.2.Kitty is 3-year-old. She told her mother that she saw a shark movie at school. Later that week, her mother
found out that the movie was actually about humpback whales. Should Kitty's mother be concerned about
this? Please explain why you think so? And how would you advise Kitty's mother? (6%)
【非選題】 29.3.When May saw her 6-month-old baby brother reach out to grab a piece of crayon from her, she immediately
put the crayon underneath her drawing paper. What do you predict her baby brother's reaction? What
developmental theory or what mechanism account for her baby brother's reaction? (8%)
【非選題】 31.2、某日週一清晨六點,未成年的少年A與幾位朋友在路邊飲酒、嬉鬧,還邊玩滅火器,因附近路人報警而道到員警盤查,未料少年A事後心懷不滿竟然拿起方才把玩的滅火器大搖大走向警局大門,之後便朝警局大門噴發滅火器,導致警局大門口頓時煙霧酒漫,少年A一走進警局就直接把滅火器扔在地上,此时員警們一湧而上少年A當場被制伏壓倒在地。請問:(1)少年A若要符合conduct disorder診斷,那麼還需要有哪些行為問題或條件；(2)請以Dodgesconitv
theory of aggression 解釋少年A的行徑。
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