Crime analyses have been largely ___47___ through technological advances. Crime analysts historically used simplified maps to examine and monitor crime in their respective jurisdictions. Pin-mapping was used to locate what are now referred to as ___48___ of criminal activity. Computers now provide sophisticated analyses of criminal behavior and other aspects of crime and justice, which largely assist with crime ___49___ and law enforcement efforts. Computerized crime mapping via geographic information systems (GIS) applications enables researchers to analyze multiple layers of data to ___50___ relationships among times, trends, shifts, ecological variables, locations, and other factors.
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