32.

33.

34.

35. 

36. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (A) Recurring outbreaks of infestation by gypsy moth caterpillars have had a devastating impact on trees in the northeastern United States. (B) A mechanism used by trees to combat the threat from gypsy moth caterpillars has actually made some trees more vulnerable to that threat. (C) Although deadly to gypsy moth caterpillars, wilt disease has failed to significantly affect the population density of the caterpillars. (D) The tree species with the highest levels of phenols in their foliage are the most successful in defending themselves against gypsy moth caterpillars.

37. Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage? (A) It resolves a contradiction between the ideas presented in the first and second paragraphs. (B) It introduces research data to support the theory outlined in the second paragraph. (C) It draws a conclusion from conflicting evidence presented in the first two paragraphs. (D) It shows how phenomena described in the first and second paragraphs act in combination.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that gypsy moth caterpillars become immune to the wilt disease as a result of _______. (A) consuming a wide range of nutrients from a variety of leaf types (B) feeding on leaves that contain high levels of phenols (C) growing population density, which outstrips the ability of the virus to multiply and spread (D) ingesting the virus together with leaves that do not contain tannin 

39. Which of the following sequences correctly shows the historical development of origami? (A) Yoshizawa publishes “Origami Tokuhon” → Origami used in robotics → Papermaking introduced to Japan → Origami limited to elite → The term “origami” replaces “orikata” (B) Origami principles used in packaging → Kosho Uchiyama publishes “Origami Zukan” → Origami spreads in Edo period → Buddhist monks bring papermaking → “Tsutsumi-no Ki” published (C) Papermaking introduced to Japan → Origami spreads in Edo period → The term “origami” replaces “orikata” → Yoshizawa publishes “Origami Tokuhon” → Origami used in modern design (D) Origami butterflies mentioned in poem → Origami spreads after WWII → European influences enter Japan → Wet-folding technique developed → Origami used in fashion

40. Origami’s epistemological significance can be understood as _____. (A) a complex system combining mathematical, aesthetic, and conceptual thinking (B) a constrained, culturally specific craft rooted in a singular aesthetic perspective (C) a simplistic manual skill offering minimal intellectual engagement (D) an obsolete cultural practice with diminishing relevance in contemporary education

41. What does the 1680 poem mentioning origami butterflies imply about origami’s history? (A) Origami began as an artistic pastime in the taverns, focusing on creative expression and fine craftsmanship. (B) Initially, the origami butterfly symbolized rank and was used exclusively in ceremonies, without recreational intent. (C) The idea of folding paper butterflies became fully developed after the 1680 poem, marking the formal beginning of origami. (D) By the late 1600s, origami, including butterfly designs, had become a mature and refined craft with increasing recognition.

42.The wet-folding technique developed by Yoshizawa is crucial as it _____. (A) enhances paper’s resistance to water (B) enables the incorporation of cutting techniques during the folding process (C) results in smoother, more organic folds that resemble natural forms (D) simplifies the intricate folding methods used in traditional origami designs

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