初等/五等/佐級◆英文題庫下載題庫

 For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

數百年來，心理學家和普通百姓從未停止過對這個迷人問題的辯論。 有些人...

 For hundreds of years, psychologist and ordinary people have never stopped debating this fascinating question. Some people think personality develops as a result of the environment—the combination of influences that we learn from, such as our families, our culture, our friends, and our education. The people who believe this theory believe that all babies are born without a personality and that it’s the environment that determines, or forms each child’s personality. This school of thought is called the “nurture school.”

數百年來，心理學家和普通百姓從未停止過對這個迷人問題的辯論。 有些人認為個性是環境的結果，是我們從家庭，我們的文化，我們的朋友和我們的教育中汲取的各種影響的綜合結果。 相信這一理論的人認為，所有嬰兒出生時都是沒有個性的，並且正是環境決定或形成了每個孩子的個性。 這種思想流派被稱為“培養流派”。

      At the other end of the continuum we find people who believe that personality is determined by “nature,” or the characteristics we receive, or “inherit,” from our parents biologically, through their genes. These people believe that our personality is not determined by the environment, but rather by genetics, and that each baby is born with a personality. The nature-nurture controversy is very old. Experimental psychologists have tried to discover which of these two factors, genetics or the environment, is more important in forming our personality. However, it’s very difficult, if not impossible, to conduct research on real people with real lives. There’s just no way to put people in a laboratory and watch them develop. For this reason, there’s no scientific way to settle the nature-nurture controversy. Recently, however, most researchers have come to believe that both the environment and the genes —nurture and nature—work together and are both important.

在連續論的另一端，我們發現有人相信人格是由“自然”決定的，或者由我們通過父母的基因生物學地從父母那裡獲得或“繼承”的特徵決定的。 這些人認為，我們的性格不是由環境決定的，而是由遺傳決定的，每個嬰兒天生就有個性。 關於自然養育的爭論非常古老。 實驗心理學家試圖發現遺傳或環境這兩個因素中的哪一個對形成我們的人格更為重要。 但是，要對具有現實生活的真實人進行研究非常困難，即使不是不可能。 根本沒有辦法讓人們進入實驗室並觀察他們的成長。 因此，沒有科學的方法可以解決有關自然培育的爭議。 但是，最近，大多數研究人員開始相信，環境和基因-養育和自然-可以協同工作，並且都非常重要。