12. Platelets become sticky when exposed to which of the following?
(A)von Willebrand factor
(B)prostacyclin
(C) fibrin
(D) thrombin
(E)serotonin

13. When a skeletal muscle is passively stretched, that cell has a tendency to spring back once the force that was stretching the muscle is removed due to (A)the passive interaction between actin and myosin (no energy required). (B)the active interaction between actin and myosin (energy required). (C) titin acting as a spring using the energy stored by the stretching. (D) actin and myosin acting as a spring using the energy stored by the stretching. (E)the elastic connective tissue that surrounds the muscle cells and fascicles.

14. Which of the following is NOT a specialization observed at the neuromuscular junction? (A)There is a high density of acetylcholine receptors in the motor end plate. (B)Every action potential that reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron will generate an action potential in the healthy muscle fiber. (C) The motor end plate is relatively large compared with other synapses. (D) The terminal bouton fans out over a wide area of the sarcolemma. (E)Each muscle fiber is innervated by multiple motor neurons.

15. Which statement best describes the effect on the body due to pH changes either above or below the normal range? (A)Changes in pH can denature proteins that serve as enzymes and receptors throughout the body, resulting in widespread effects on the body. (B)Changes in pH out of the normal range are normal and will not have any detrimental effects on the body. (C) Changes in pH destroy the nephrons of the kidney, making kidney failure is inevitable. (D) Changes in pH can only lower pH causing acidosis, meaning organs deteriorate due to high levels of acid. (E)pH ranges vary throughout the body; therefore, blood pH has no detrimental effects on the body as it changes pH.

16. Which of the following does NOT cause coma? (A)a person with diabetes mellitus taking too much insulin causing hypoglycemia (B)a person with diabetes mellitus type 1 taking too little insulin causing hyperglycemia (C) a blood osmolarity greater than 350 mOsm (D) a blood glucose concentration greater than 600 mg/dL (E)a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 40 mm Hg in arterial blood

17. What cell type deposits bone during remodeling? (A)osteoblasts (B)osteoclasts (C) chondrocytes (D) osteoids (E)osteocytes

18. In what state does the liver convert amino acids into fatty acids? (A)absorptive state only (B)postabsorptive state only (C) both the absorptive and postabsorptive states (D) neither the absorptive nor postabsorptive state (E)conversion state

19. In what state does the liver convert fatty acids to ketones? (A)absorptive state only (B)postabsorptive state only (C) both the absorptive and postabsorptive states (D) neither the absorptive nor postabsorptive state (E)conversion state

20. What is the portion of the enteric nervous system located within the muscularis mucosa called? (A)submucosal (Meissner's) plexus (B)lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle (C) intrinsic nervous system (D) myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus (E)bulbous (Ruffini's) corpuscle

1. (１)に入る最も適当な言葉はどれですか｡ (A) ちかくに (B) せいかくに (C) あまり (D) やっと

2. (２)に入る最も適当な言葉はどれですか｡ (A) 引く (B) 押す (C) 書く (D) 選ぶ

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