13.
(A) so that
(B) even though
(C) provided that
(D) as if

Measurement is another difficulty. 另一個困難點在於測量 Many resilience scales ask respondents to rate confidence after adversity,__13__ these self-reports may reflect cultural expectations about appearing strong rather than actual recovery. 許多韌性量表要求受訪者評估逆境後的信心，______這些自我報告可能反映的是文化中對堅強表現的期望，而非實際的康復情況。 For this reason, researchers increasingly combine questionnaires with behavioral indicators, longitudinal data, and contextual information. 因此，研究人員越來越多地將問卷調查與行為指標、縱向資料和背景資訊結合。

根據上下文，表明現存的測量方式存在的問題，所以空格處應填入相反語氣的連接詞