13. X-ray is discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen and widely used in different areas. About the X-ray, which one is incorrect?
(A) The wavelength of X-ray is shorter than that of visible light.
(B) X-ray was discovered when Rontgen operated the cathodic tube.
(C) X-ray diffraction (XRD) over the crystal is a kind of inelastic scattering.
(D) The soft X-ray dissipates quickly at ambient.
(E) Bragg equation: 2dsinθ= nλ

複選題40. The scheme below shows the way for determining the point groups of molecules. Please use it to check which options are correct.(A) CH4 is D4h. (B) CO2 is D∞h. (C) XeF4 is C4h. (D) H2O2 is C2. (E) SO2Cl2 has the same point group to H2O.

1. About electromagnetic radiation, which description is incorrect? (A) It includes magnetic and electric fields. (B) Gamma ray, X-ray, visible light, electron beam, microwave, and radio waves all are electromagnetic radiations. (C) Electromagnetic radiation is a kind of energy. (D) The propagation directions of electric and magnetic fields in the electromagnetic radiation are in 90°. (E) The velocity of visible light from an illuminator in the vacuum environment is always the same in the two conditions when the illuminator is moving toward and away from the observer.

2. The development of the theories for describing the molecular formulas and geometries is a long history. Taking PF5 as the example, please check which one below is correct. (A) P has higher electronegativity than that of F. (B) It has the trigonal bipyramidal structure according to the rule demonstrated by G. N. Lewis. (C) The formal charge of P in the structure is It. (D) The symmetry operation elements of PF5 include E, C3, C2, σh,σv, S3. (E) The point group of PF5 is D3.

3. O2 gas is active while N2 gas is inert. Please pick the correct explanations for the difference. (A) Both of their highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are os(2p). (B) N2 has unpaired electrons while O2 doesn't. (C) The bond order of N2 is 2 and O2 is 3. (D) There is significant 2s-2p orbital mixing in the O atom due to their small energy difference. (E) The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of O2 is σu*(2p).

4. The table below records the formal charges and expanded electron counts on the central atoms of the listed molecules. Please pick the correct values of formal charges in the options for the molecules.(A)S:2+,N:2-; (B)S:2+,0:2-;(C) Xe:2+,O:1-;(D) S:1+, O:1+;(E)S:0，O:0

5. There are two kinds of close packing in crystal structures. Some of the following information about the close packing may not be true. Please point the incorrect answer out. (A) The types of close packing are cep and hcp. (B) The atomic packing factor (APF) for the close packing is 74%. (C) The body-centered cubic crystal structure is the type of ccp. (D) The layer stacking for ccp is ABCABC, and that for hep is ABABAB. (E) There are 4 atoms in the unit cell of ccp.

6. There are different kinds of demonstrations for the definitions of acids and bases. Checking which expression below is incorrect. (A) In 1884, Arrhenius proposed the concept of acid and base based on the theory of ionization in aqueous solution. (B) The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory is to declare the concept of conjugated acid and base. (C) For the pKa values of the carboxylic acids, the order is as below. (D) The order in the basicities of nitrogen-based compounds is listed. NH3＜NH2Me ＜ NH2Et ＜ NHME2 ＜NHEt2 ＜ NHBu2 (E) Both of CO and CO2 are Lewis acids.

7. NCS- is a kind of ambidentate ligands. Both of N and S can serve as the Lewis base to coordinate with Lewis acids, but N is more hard base than S. In this regard, please pick the Lewis acids more reactive to N than S. (A) Hg22+, (B) Fe3+, (C) Cu+, (D) Hg2+, (E) Ag+

8. The four lattice types of unit cells, primitive (P), face-centered (F), body-centered (I), and side-centered (A, B, or C) can be obscrved in the seven crystal systems. Which crystal system has all the lattice types? (A) cubic, (B) monoclinic, (C) hexagonal, (D) orthorhombic, (E) tetragonal.

9. About the periodic table, which description is incorrect? (A) The group of alkali elements are of lithophiles. (B) Cu and Au are chalcophiles. (C) The element with the highest electronegativity is F. (D) Ge and As are metalloids. (E) Soft acidity: F-＜CI- ＜Br- ＜I-

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