Two additional independent dimensions of antisocial behavior have been identified: overt–covert and destructive–nondestructive (Frick et al., 1993)
overt/covert:公然(外顯)—偷偷(內化)(大部份兩者都有) destructive/nondestructive:毀滅性的—非毀滅性的且有長期的影響 打架應該是算是外顯-毀滅性
14 根據Frick等人(1993)在品行問題(conduct problems..-阿摩線上測驗