16. According to quantum mechanics, all properties of a particle confined in a one-dimensional space (coordinate x) can be derived from its wavefunction ψ(x). Which of the following quantities informs the probability density of finding the particle at position x₀?
(A)ψ(x₀)
(B) |ψ(x₀)|²
(C)
(D)
(E) None of the above

1. Shown to the right is a schematic diagram of a graduated cylinder. Here, what is the most appropriate reading of the liquid level? (A) 15.6 mL (B) 15.62 mL (C) 15.685 mL (D) 15.69 mL (E) 15.7 mL

2. Which element has the highest second ionization energy (IE2)? (A) Lithium (D) Carbon (B) Beryllium (E) Sodium (C) Boron

3. Regarding the compound shown to the right, which statement is NOT correct? (A) It can function as a weak Brønsted base (B) All four atoms are located on the same plane (C) There exist other resonance structure(s) (D) Resonance structures transform between each other at a very fast rate (E) The three C-O bonds have the same bond length

4. If an alkane has the chemical formula C7H16, how many possible structural isomers exist? (A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 9

5. How many of the following compounds have optical isomers? (A)0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

6. Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene have similar structures and molecular dipole moments. Therefore, these two compounds can form an ideal solution. Given that the vapor pressures of pure chlorobenzene and bromobenzene at 25°C are = 8.8 Torr, = 4.2 Torr, respectively, calculate the molar fraction of bromobenzene in the vapor phase for a 1:4 chlorobenzene/bromobenzene solution. (A)0.20 (E) 0.86 (B) 0.34 (C) 0.66 (D) 0.80

7. When 1.32 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) is dissolved in 12.52 g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is determined to be 3.29°C. The normal freezing point of pure benzene is 5.50°C, and its molal freezing-point depression constant . Calculate the molar mass of benzoic acid by this colligative property method. (A) 61 g/mol (B) 110 g/mol (C) 122 g/mol (D) 220 g/mol (E) 244 g/mol

8. The thermal decomposition of PH3 into phosphorus and molecular hydrogen (4 PH3 → P4+6 H2) is a first-order reaction. If the half-life of the reaction is 35.0 seconds at 680°C, calculate the time required for 90% of the original PH3 to decompose. (A) 5.00 seconds (D) 116 seconds (B) 96.0 seconds (E) 173 seconds (C) 108 seconds

9. Water gas is a poisonous, flammable gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). It can be produced by blowing water vapor over red-hot coal: Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The reaction is spontaneous below a certain temperature (B) The reaction is spontaneous above a certain temperature (C) The reaction is always spontaneous (D) The reaction is always non-spontaneous (E) The reaction is always at equilibrium

10. Based on the table below, determine the equilibrium constant K and the reaction enthalpy ΔH for the reaction A+B+2D ⇌ 2E. (A)K = K1/K2, ΔH – ΔH1 – ΔH2 (B) K = K1/K22, ΔH – ΔH1 + 2ΔH2 (C) K = K1 - K2, ΔH = ΔH1 – 2ΔH2 (D) K = K1/K22, ΔH – ΔH1 – 2ΔH2 (E) K = K1-2K2, ΔH – ΔH1 – 2ΔH2

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