16. In land plants, matrotrophy refers to the:
(A) attraction of sperm by the egg.
(B) nourishment of the zygote by the archegonium.
(C) transport of sugars through the placenta.
(D) division of the zygote within the venter.
(E) movement of sugars through plasmodesmata.

12. In guard cells, _____ is the dominant osmoticum in the morning, and  _____ is the dominant osmoticum in the afternoon. (A) Cl-； sucrose. (B) malate； K+. (C) K+； malate. (D) sucrose； K+. (E) K+； sucrose.

13. In the secondary growth of a tree, the periderm consists of: (A) phellem only. (B) phellogen only. (C) phelloderm only. (D) phellem and phellogen only. (E) phellem and phellogen, and phelloderm.

14. Which of the following features is unique to Angiosperms that helps them to become the most successful terrestrial plants? (A) wind pollination. (B) dominant gametophytes. (C) fruits enclosing seeds. (D) embryos enclosed within seed coats. (E) the secondary growth.

15. The endosperm is a major part of monocot seed. In most eudicots, _____ (A) there is also a substantial amount of the endosperm. (B) the endosperm never starts to form after double fertilization. (C) the endosperm nutrients are repackaged into the cotyledons. (D) the endosperm replaces cotyledons during seed development. (E) both the endosperm and cotyledons exist together at seed maturity.

17. In ferns, the formation of antheridia in gametophytes is induced by: (A) antheridiogens. (B) antheridiophores. (C) androecium. (D) cytokinins. (E) auxin.

18. Embryophytes are characterized by having: (A) few mitotic divisions between fertilization and meiosis. (B) a multicellular embryo that has stomata. (C) a multicellular, matrotrophic embryo. (D) a dominant gametophyte generation. (E) vascular tissues.

19. Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE? (A) they are perpetually young tissues or cells. (B) they are established during embryogenesis. (C) it is through their activity that most plant development occurs. (D) they lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete. (E) they generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

20. The three tissue systems of vascular plants are: (A) the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems. (B) protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem. (C) parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. (D) epidermis, periderm, and protoderm. (E) xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

21. A plant's body plan consists of a(n) _____ and a(n) _____ pattern. (A) apical-radial； basal. (B) apical-basal； radial. (C) basal-radial； apical. (D) apical； basal. (E) radial； apical.

22. Which of the following is not an autotroph? (A) a chemosynthesizer. (B) a mushroom. (C) an oak tree. (D) a green alga. (E) a moss.