17. Protein phosphorylation by kinases are important in signal transduction. Which amino acids of the target proteins can be phosphorylated?
(A) Alanine
(B) Tyrosine
(C) Asparagine
(D) Serine
(E) Threonine

18. Which of the following statements regarding apoptosis are     CORRECT    ? (A) Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death, and does not cause significant inflammatory response. (B) Caspases are proteases that are involved in multiple stages of the apoptotic pathway. (C) Caspases are synthesized as inactive forms and can be activated through autophosphorylation under several pro-apoptotic stimuli. (D) Apoptosis can be triggered by activating surface receptors, like Fas. (E) Release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria can activate the downstream caspase and induce apoptosis.

19. Which of the following statements regarding the genetic codon are     CORRECT    ? (A) Genetic codons are composed of nucleotide triplets. (B) 61 of the 64 possible nucleotide triplets (codons) code for 20 amino acids. (C) 3 codons do not represent amino acids and cause termination. (D) "Wobble hypothesis" states that the pairing between codon and anticodon at the first codon position always follows the usual base-pairing rules, but the exceptional wobbles occur at the second and third codon positions. (E) Protein synthesis (translation) is fulfilled through the recognition of the codon of mRNA by the anti-codon of tRNA attached with a specific amino acid.

20. Which of the following statements in regard to cell cycle are     CORRECT    ? (A) DNA replication starts from the G1 phase. (B) DNA damage can cause cell cycle arrest. (C) Mitosis occurs in the M phase. (D) Protein phosphorylation and desphosphorylation control the cell cycle. (E) Degradation of cyclins is important in mitosis.

21. GAL4 is a transcription activator in yeast which promotes expression of a group of genes. In the upstream of genes driven by GAL4, there are one or more copies of a related 17-bp sequence known as UASGAL.  To  show that UASGAL is the GAL4 responsive element, one constructed a lacZ reporte shown in (a) and showed that the expression of lacZ is activated in galactose media in wild-type cells but not in gal4 mutants. She also did another set of experiments, in which various  mutant GAL4 molecules are examined for their transcription activator activities. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from her experiments? (A) N terminal aal-74 is required for GAL4 binding to UAS sequence (B) N terminal aal-74 is sufficient to bind to UAS sequence (C) C terminal aa738-881 is required for GAL4 to activate lacZ expression (D) the fusion protein composed of aal-74 and aa738-881 is sufficient to activate lacZ expression.(E) aa75-737 is not dispensable for lacZ express

22. DNA recombination refers to moving a DNA segment from one to another DNA molecule. This process makes the following biotechnology procedures possible (A) biogenesis of miRNA (B) linkage mapping human mutations that cause diseases. (C) gene targeting, replacing a gene by a mutant allele. (D) tissue specific inactivation of a target gene by the Cre/loxP system. (E) to repair a DNA double strand break.

複選題23. Which of the following descriptions about exon, intron, 5' UTR, and 3' UTR is(are) correct (A) nonsynonymous mutation is a nucleotide change in exon that changes amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. (B) synonymous mutation is a single nucleotide change in intron that would never cause any change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. (C) although not translated, the nucleotide sequence in the 5' UTR of mRNA corresponds to genomic sequence of exons but not introns. (D) although not translated, mutation in 3' UTR could profoundly affect mRNA stability. (E) mutation in intron may affect protein sequence by introducing mRNA splicing errors.

複選題24. BrdU is an analog of thymine that can be incorporated into double stranded DNA during DNA polymerization in. S phase. Unsynchronized cells at various stages of cell cycle are first treated with BrdU for 2 hours and then cultured in the absence of BrdU for another 4 hours. What would happen to those unsynchronized cells exposure to BrdU? (A) BrdU is incorporated into all the unsynchronized cells. (B) If a cell is labeled by BrdU, only one of the sister chromatins is labeled. (C) If a cell is labeled by BrdU, only one strand of DNA is labeled. (D) In the 2-hour BrdU pulse, only mitotic cells are labeled. (E) In the 2-hour BrdU pulse, only mitotic cells are not labeled.

複選題25. The fluidity of lipid membranes in cells on depends on (A) temperature (B) the amount of unsaturated fatty acyl chain (C) the length of the fatty acid chain (D) the amount of cholesterol (E) nature of membrane associated proteins

26. Cellular proteins give cells structure and perform many cellular tasks except (A) RNA polymerase (B) RNA interference (C) RNA splicing (D) ribozymes (E) RNA editing

27. Which of the following statement is(are) wrong (A) DNA severs as a template for DNA synthesis (B) mRNA severs as a template for codon specific tRNA recognition in ribosome during protein synthesis (C) DNA serves as a template for miRNA synthesis (D) DNA serves as a template for mRNA synthesis (E) piRNA serves as a template for rRNA synthesis

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